Test 2 Diseases Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
metabolic bone disease where bone becomes brittle, porous and vulnerable
A
osteoporosis
2
Q
acute or chronic infection of bone forming tissue
A
osteomyelitis
3
Q
chronic inflammatory process of joints and bones that results in degeneration of joint cartilage and bones
A
osteoarthritis
4
Q
chronic systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints
A
rheumatoid arthritis
5
Q
chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism
A
gout/gout arthitis
6
Q
chronic progressive neuromuscular disease that increasing produces sporadic weakness and exhaustion of skeletal muscles
A
myasthenia gravis
7
Q
chronic inflammatory connective tissues disorder
A
systemic lupus erythmatosus
8
Q
chronic condition characterized by pain in muscles, ligaments, and tendons
A
fibromyalgia
9
Q
who is targeted for osteoporosis
A
post menopausal women over age 50
10
Q
what causes osteomyelitis
A
staphylococcus aureus
11
Q
who is more likely to get osteomyelitis
A
children, specifically boys
12
Q
who is most likely to get osteoarthritis
A
women after 55, mostly at 70
13
Q
who is more likely to have rheumatoid arthritis
A
women
14
Q
who is more likely to have gout
A
men around age 30 more than women with menopause
15
Q
who is more likely to get myasthenia gravis
A
women 20-40
16
Q
who is more likely to get systemic lupus erythmatosus
A
women 15-45(8x more)
17
Q
who is more likely to get fibromyalgia
A
women by 80 percent
18
Q
how to diagnose osteoporosis
A
DEXA
blood test for mineral content
19
Q
how to diagnose osteomyelitis
A
-blood culture for microorganisms
-x-rays ,bone scan, MRI
-bone biopsy
-physical exam
20
Q
how to diagnose osteoarthritis
A
-physical exam and thorough medical history
-x-rays(bone scan and MRI)
21
Q
how to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis
A
-rheumatoid factor blood test
-ESR, CBC
-synovial fluid analysis
-x-ray
22
Q
how to diagnose gout
A
urinalysis(reveals hyperuremia)
-ESR
-x-rays and physical exam
-identify urate crystals in joint fluid
23
Q
how to diagnose myasthenia gravis
A
-neurological exam
-electromyography
-MRI or CT scan
24
Q
how to diagnose systemic lupus erythmatosus
A
-CBC, ESR
-Anti Nuclear Antibody test
-Leukocytes in bone marrow
25
how to diagnose fibromyalgia
-often misdiagnosed
26
treatments for fibromyalgia
-pain meds
-antidepressants
-physical therapy
27
treatments for systemic lupus erythmatosus
-anti inflammatory
-corticosteroids
28
treatments for myasthenia gravis
-thymectomy
-corticosteroids
-anticholinesterase drug
29
treatment for gout
-pain meds
-corticosteroids
-bed rest
-local heat or ice
-proper diet and fluids
30
treatments for rheumatoid arthritis
-anti inflammatory
-corticosteroids
-surgery for advanced RA
31
treatments for osteoarthritis
-anti inflammatory
-local heat
-physical therapy
-physical activity restriction
32
treatment for osteomyelitis
-antibiotics
-analgesics
-tissue bone grafts
33
treatments for osteoporosis
-increase in calcium, phosphate, and multivitamins
-exercise
34
disease with symptoms:
fractures and lower back pain
osteoporosis
35
disease with symptoms:
-sudden onset of fever, chills, malaise, sweating, pain, swelling over affected bone, fatigue
osteomyelitis
36
symptoms:
-deep aching joint pain
-stress and swelling, especially in morning
-crepitation
osteoarthritis
37
symptoms:
early: malaise, low grade fever, fatigue, weight loss
later: joint pain and stiffness
rheumatoid arthritis
38
symptoms:
-sudden onset of joint pain(big toes)
-hyperuricemia
-tophi
-renal dysfunction
gout/gout arthritis
39
symptoms:
skeletal muscle weakness and fatigability
-blepharoptosis
-dysphagia
-respiratory distress
-double vision
myasthenia gravis
40
symptoms:
-butterfly rash
-nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-muscle problems
-weight loss
-fever
-fatigue
systemic lupus erythematosus
41
recurring headache characterized by intense pain, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting
migraine headache
42
brain collides with inside of skull
traumatic brain injury
43
temporary episodes of impaired neurological activity resulting from insufficient blood flow to a part of brain
transient ischemic attacks
44
sudden impairment of consciousness and subsequent paralysis
cerebrovascular accident
45
chronic brain disorder with recurring attacks of abnormal sensory, motor, and psychological activity
epilespy
46
inflammation of the meninges
meningitis
47
progressive, chronical, ultimately fatal brain syndrome with death of neurons in cerebral cortex
Alzheimer disease
48
chronic brain disease with progressive muscle rigidity and involuntary tremors
Parkinson disease
49
chronic, progressive, and irreversible autoimmune disease with destruction of myelin
multiple sclerosis
50
1st change in vision, then muscle weakness, paralysis, fatigue, numbness
multiple sclerosis
51
symptoms:
bradykinesia, rigid extremities, tremors, balance issues, shuffling walk, muffled speech, stress, fatigue, anxiety
parkinson disease
52
symptoms:
progressive memory loss, depression, agitation and irritability, emotional detachment, sleep disturbances, deterioration of intellectual ability and physical activity
alzheimer's disease
53
symptoms:
severe headache, fever, vomiting nuchal rigidity, drowsiness, seizure, purple rash
meningitis
54
symptoms:
uncontrollable twitch of fingers, hand and mouth, dizzy, sudden loss of consciousness, intense rigidity of body, chewing of tounge
epilepsy
55
symptoms:
face droop, arms raise and one drifts, slurred speech, slow pulse, cheyne-stokes respiration numbness
cerebrovascular accident
56
symptoms:
depends on portion of brain affected,
sudden muscle weakness, speech deficits, confusion, mental weakness
transient ischemic attacks
57
symptoms:
brief unconsciousness, amnesia, headache, confusion, blurred vision, ringing in ears, convulsions and seizures, nausea and vomiting, slurred speech
traumatic brain injury
58
symptoms:
before: photophobia, tinnitus, aura
during: nausea, vomiting, photophobia
migraine headache
59
medical diagnosis of migraine headache
-history
-MRI or CT Scan
60
medical diagnosis for traumatic brain injury
-CT and MRI immediately
-Glasgow's Coma scale for severity
61
treatment for migraine headache
-specific migraine meds
-preventatives
-beta blocker
62
treatment for traumatic brain injury
-Mild: rest and mild analgesics
-Severe: medical emergency hospitalization
63
medical diagnosis for transient ischemic attacks
-physical and neurological exam
-carotid ultrasound
-cranial CT and MRI
64
medical diagnosis for Cerebrovascular accident
-medical history and physical exam
-angiogram
-transcranial doppler
65
treatment for transient ischemic attacks
-depends on brain portion
-antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants drugs
-surgery
66
treatment for cerebrovascular accident
-anticoagulant, antiplatelet agents
-surgery and physical rehab
67
medical diagnosis for epilepsy
-medical history
-electroencephalogram
-cranial CT and MRI
68
medical diagnosis for meningitis
-thorough medical history and physical exam
- blood/urine/throat culture to find infectious agent
-lumbar puncture for CSF, elevated leukocytes and presence of bacteria
69
treatments for epilepsy
-anticonvulsant drugs
-neurosurgery for severe cases
70
medical diagnosis for Alzheimer disease
-mental and function history and physical exam
-cranial CT and MRI
-PET Scan
-depression scale
71
medical diagnosis for parkinson disease
-physical and neurological exam
72
treatments for alzheimer disease
-cholinesterase inhibitors
73
treatments for parkinson's disease
levodopa
-anticholinergics
-physical therapy
-invasive techniques
74
medical diagnosis for multiple sclerosis
-difficult to diagnose
-neurological exam
-eye exam
-CFS analysis
-cranial CT and MRI
75
treatment for multiple sclerosis
-muscle relaxants
-rehab
-corticosteroids
-physiological therapy
76
what causes migraine headaches?
changes in cerebral blood flow(vasoconstriction/vasodilation)
77
who is affected by migraines
women 2x as much as men
78
causes of traumatic brain injury
violent trauma events, cerebral concussion, cerebral contusion
79
cause of transient ischemic attacks
temporary obstruction of cerebral arterioles by small emboli
80
causes of cerebrovascular accident
hypertension, smoking, lack of exercise, high fat diet, diabetes
81
FAST
Face, Arms, speech, time
82
causes of epilepsy
mostly idiopathic, birth trauma, congenital malformations, fever, CVA, CNS infections
83
acute inflammation of the lower respiratory tract
pneumonia
84
potentially dangerous sleep disorder where breathing is repeatedly stopping and starting
sleep apnea
85
high blood pressure that affects the lungs
pulmonary hypertension
86
lung disease characterized by chronic oqbstruction of lung
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
87
inflammatory disorder of air ways that causes recurrent spasms in bronchi of lungs
asthma
88
malignant neoplasms in trachea, bronchi, or alveoli
lung cancer
89
progressive, genetic disease, causes persistent lung infections and limits ability to breath over time
cystic fibrosis
90
what causes pneumonia?
microorganism(streptococcus pneumoniae and hemophilius influenzae)
91
symptoms: coughing, sputum production, rales, chest pain, fever and chills
pneumonia
92
symptoms:
loud snoring, hypersomnia, SOB, morning headaches, dry mouth sore throat, insomnia
sleep apnea
93
symptoms:
asymptomatic for a long time followed by dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, edema, cyanosis, syncope
pulmonary hypertension
94
symptoms:
Sob with mild exercise, wheezing, chest tightness, fatigue, frequent colds and flu
later: dyspnea, chronic cough, cyanosis. ,mucus production, swelling of feet/ankles/legs)
COPD
95
medical diagnosis for pneumonia
-medical history and physical exam
-chest x-ray
-sputum smear and blood cultures
96
treatments for pneumonia
-antibiotics/antifungal
-oxygen therapy
-analgesics
-increased fluid intake and bed rest
-chest physiotherapy and postural drainage
97
medical diagnosis for sleep apnea
-sleep study
-pulse oximetry
98
treatments for sleep apnea
-O2 therapy
-surgery
99
medical diagnosis for pulmonary hypertension
-transesophageal echocardiogram
-pulmonary function test
-CF scan
100
treatments for pulmonary hypertension
-depends on who classification
-vasodilators, anticoagulants, diuretics, oxygen therapy, calcium channel blockers, endothelium receptor
101
medical diagnosis for COPD
-pulmonary function tests
-chest x-ray
-arterial blood gases
-sputum analysis
102
medical diagnosis for asthma
-physical exam
-chest x-ray
-pulmonary function tests
-blood tests
103
symptoms:
coughing, pronounced wheezing, dyspnea/tachypnea, chest tightness, pallor
asthma
104
treatments for asthma
-bronchodilator's, oxygen therapy, inhaled corticosteroids
105
symptoms:
early: no symptoms
later: cough, hoarseness, weight loss, wheezing, chest pain, dyspnea, hemopytosis
lung cancer
106
medical diagnosis for lung cancer
-chest x-ray or CT
-sputum cytology test
-bronchoscopy
-tissue biopsy
107
treatment for lung cancer
-chemotherapy, surgery, radio therapy
108
symptoms:
wheezy respiration, dry cough, tachypnea, dyspnea, lung infection, constipation, electrolyte imbalance, inability to absorb fats, pancreatic insufficiency
cystic fibrosis
109
medical diagnosis for cystic fibrosis
-sweat test
-DNA test
-Chest x-ray
-pulmonary function test
110
treatment for cystic fibrosis
antibiotic, bronchodilators, mucus thinning drugs, anti inflammatories
