TEST 2: Infectious Diseases And Bacteria Flashcards
(17 cards)
What causes infectious disease diseases?
Microbes: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
Define infection
When microbes enter your body and begin to multiply
Define disease
Occurs when significant number of cells in your body are damaged as a result of infection and symptoms of an illness appear
Will all infections lead to disease why or why not
No, an infection does not always result in a disease
Many of the initial symptoms of infectious disease diseases like a fever, fatigue, and headache, result from your immune systems efforts to eliminate the microbe
Common sites of microbe entry
Mouth, nose, eyes, digestive tract, reproductive tract, breaks in the skin
How can infectious microbes be transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person?
Direct contact, air, indirect contact, food, insect, infected animal from infected person to healthy person
Are all infectious microbes transmitted using all of the possible routes
Most will, but sometimes the routes depend on characteristics of the microBe
What characteristics of bacteria allow them to survive on their own?
Able to reproduce on their own, able to make their own proteins, able to take a nutrients and break them down to obtain chemical energy
What proportion of bacteria species present on earth cause infectious disease in humans
Less than 1% of bacteria species can invade our body and make us sick
Define human micro biome, and what it is composed of
The human body which contains trillions of bacteria
Define antibiotics
Natural molecules produced by microbes to kill bacteria or inhibit their reproduction
They are natural biological weapons used by microbes to get rid of competition for limited resources like food and water
How do I antibiotics work?
Each antibiotic shuts down a specific bacterial protein or structure that functions during an essential process bacteria need to survive or reproduce
Why are antibiotics effective treatment for a bacterial infection?
Because bacteria has similar cellular features to antibiotics, antibiotics, target only the bacteria cells
Define antibiotic resistance
The ability of bacteria to survive in the presence of an antibiotic that normally should kill them
How can bacteria acquire antibiotic resistance?
Mutations:
- population of dividing bacteria
-During division, one undergoes mutation
-when an antibiotic is added, all sensitive bacteria are killed
-the antibiotic resistant mutated one is unaffected
- resistant bacterium continue to divide
How can antibiotic resistant bacteria spread throughout a community?
Animals, fertilizer, animal feces, a person receiving an antibiotics for something they don’t need, etc.
Factors contributing to recent increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria
Overuse of misuse of antibiotics, use of antibiotics in agriculture and animal farming, inadequate infection control in health care settings, lack of new antibiotics, globalization, pollution
