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Test 2 (joints) Flashcards

1
Q

articulations

A

joints; junctions between bones

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2
Q

articulation function

A

allow movement of skeleton, absorb shock

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3
Q

articulations are classified by (2)

A

function, structure

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4
Q

High __ means low __

A

mobility, stability

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5
Q

functional classifications (3)

A

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

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6
Q

synarthrosis

A

immovable

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7
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

slightly moveable

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8
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely movable

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9
Q

root arthro

A

joint

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10
Q

structural classifications (3)

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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11
Q

fibrous

A

bones attached by dense connective tissue

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12
Q

cartilaginous

A

bones attached by a pad or plate of cartilage

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13
Q

synovial

A

bones separated by a cavity, covered by cartilage, and
attached by dense connective tissue

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14
Q

ligaments that reinforce the synovial joint (3)

A

capsular, extracapsular, intracapsular

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15
Q

synovial fluid structure

A

“egg-whites”

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16
Q

synovial fluid function (3)

A

lubricate joint, absorb shock, carry nutrients to articular cartilage

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17
Q

special joint structures (3)

A

meniscus, bursa, tendon sheath

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18
Q

meniscus (articular disc) structure

A

disc or wedge of fibrocartilage

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19
Q

meniscus (articular disc) function

A

stabilizes and improves fit of joint; reduces wear

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20
Q

meniscus (articular disc) location

A

joints (temporomandibular, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular , distal radioulnar), and knee.

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21
Q

bursa

A

Sac of synovial fluid that reduces wear on soft tissues

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22
Q

tendon sheath

A

sac of synovial fluid that reduces wear on soft tissues

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23
Q

synovial joints are classified by (2)

A

shape of articulating surface, movements allowed

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24
Q

types of movement (2)

A

plane, axis

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25
plane movements (2)
uniplanar, multiplanar
26
axis movements (4)
nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial
27
synovial joint types (6)
plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball-and-socket
28
plane (gliding) joint structure
articular surfaces are flat or slightly curved
29
plane (gliding) joint function
bones glide across each other
30
plane (gliding) joint types (2)
uniplanar, nonaxial
31
plane (gliding) joint locations
intercarpal and intertarsal joints
32
hinge joint structure
concave surface of one bone fits around convex surface of another bone
33
hinge joint function and types
single plane movement; uniplanar, uniaxial
34
hinge joint locations
elbow, interphalangeal joints
35
pivot joint structure
cylindrical part of one bone fits in ring or sleeve formed by another bone or a ligament
36
pivot joint function
twisting around the axis of the cylinder
37
pivot joint types
Uniplanar, uniaxial
38
pivot joint locations
atlantoaxial joint, proximal radioulnar joint (RUJ)
39
other names for condylar joints
condyloid, ellipsoidal
40
condylar joint structure
oval prominence of one bone fits into depression of another bone
41
condylar joint function
multiplanar, biaxial
42
condylar joint type
multiplanar, biaxial
43
condylar joint locations
radiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
44
saddle joint structure
both articular surfaces are concave and convex
45
saddle joint function
like condylar, but can move farther.
46
saddle joint types
multiplanar, biaxial
47
saddle joint locations
carpometacarpal joints of thumbs.
48
ball and socket joint structure
spherical head of one bone sits in cup-like depression of another bone
49
ball and socket joint function
nearly universal mobility
50
ball and socket joint types
multiplanar, multiaxial
51
ball and socket joint locations
shoulder (glenohumeral), hip (coxal)
52
circumduction
circular movement of a body part
53
rotation
movement of a body part around its own axis
54
hand and finger movements
gliding, opposition, reposition
55
lateral excursion
Moving the mandible to the left or right side
56
medial excursion
Returning the mandible back to its neutral position from lateral excursion
57
reduction of the spine
return of spine to alignment
58
inversion
supination
59
eversion
pronation
60
dislocation (luxation)
bones of the joint move out of normal position
61
dislocation always damages __ and is usually painful because of __ damage
ligaments; soft tissue
62
for some joints like the shoulder, soft tissue __ recovers after dislocation.
never fully
63
arthritis
joint inflammation
64
most forms of arthritis are __ and irreversible. movement is painful due to damage of __.
chronic, irreversible; cartilage
65
most common form of arthritis, caused by erosion of cartilage over time.
osteoarthritis
66
TMJ joint types (2)
hybrid of condylar and hinge
67
What is unique about the TMJ?
bilateral joint movement; easy dislocation due to shallow fossa
68
Shoulder (glenohumeral) joint type
ball-and-socket
69
the shoulder joint relies on __ rather than bone for stability
soft tissues
70
the __ is the largest, most complex joint in the body
knee
71
knee joint types (3)
femoropatellar, lateral tibiofemoral, medial tibiofemoral
72
femoropatellar joint type
plane
73
lateral and medial tibiofemoral joint type
condyloid
74
the knee has at least __ associated bursae, categorized as __ (3)
12; prepatellar, suprapatellar, infrapatellar

Anatomy (7 decks)

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