Test 2 (nervous system)

Question 1

functions of the nervous system (2)

Answer 1

maintain homeostasis, coordinate body activities

Question 2

nervous system functions are achieved by what pathways (3)

Answer 2

sensory input, integration, motor output

Question 3

nervous system organization (2)

Answer 3

CNS, PNS

Question 4

central nervous system (CNS) structure and function

Answer 4

brain and spinal cord, integrative and control centers

Question 5

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) structure and function

Answer 5

cranial and spinal nerves, communication lines between the CNS and the body

Question 6

peripheral nervous system (PNS) division classification (2)

Answer 6

sensory, motor

Question 7

sensory (afferent) division

Answer 7

somatic and visceral**

Question 8

Motor (efferent) division

Answer 8

somatic, autonomic

Question 9

Types of autonomic nervous system division (2)

Answer 9

sympathetic, parasympathetic

Question 10

sympathetic division function

Answer 10

mobilized body systems during activity

Question 11

parasympathetic division function

Answer 11

conserves energy, promotes housekeeping functions during rest

Question 12

Two main groups of nervous tissue

Answer 12

neurons, neuroglia

Question 13

characteristics of neurons (5)

Answer 13

highly excitable, conduct/transmit impulses, extreme longevity, amitotic, high metabolism

Question 14

amitotic

Answer 14

stops going through the cell cycle

Question 15

glial cells (neuroglia) in the CNS (4)

Answer 15

astrocyte, ependymal cell, microglial cell, oligodendrocyte

Question 16

glial cells (neuroglia) in the PNS (2)

Answer 16

satellite cell, neurolemmocyte

Question 17

astrocyte function

Answer 17

blood-brain barrier that regulates chemical environment

Question 18

ependymal cell function and structure

Answer 18

line fluid-filled cavities, ciliated

Question 19

microglial cell function

Answer 19

immune cells for CNS

Question 20

oligodendrocyte functioni

Answer 20

wrap around axons to form myelin sheath in CNS

Question 21

satellite cell function

Answer 21

wrap around neurons to regulate the chemical environment

Question 22

neurolemmocyte function

Answer 22

wrap around axons to form myelin sheath in PNS

Question 23

neuron structure (2)

Answer 23

cell body, processes

Question 24

neuron cell body (soma) types (2)

Answer 24

nissl bodies, neurofibrils

Question 25

neuron processes types (2)

Answer 25

dendrites, axon

Question 26

axon structure (6)

Answer 26

Axon hillock, myelin sheath, neurofibril node, collaterals, terminal branches, axon terminals

Question 27

neuron classification (3)

Answer 27

unipolar, bipolar, mulipolar

Question 28

neuron function (3)

Answer 28

sensory, interneuron, motor

Question 29

another name for sensory function

Answer 29

afferent

Question 30

another name for the interneuron function

Answer 30

association

Question 31

another name for motor function

Answer 31

efferent

Question 32

myelin sheath structure

Answer 32

neuroglia wrap around axon to form multilayered covering

Question 33

myelin sheath function

Answer 33

thick insulation, prevent movement across membrane, protect axon, reduce accidental stimulation

Question 34

impulse conduction

Answer 34

action potential moves down axon.

Question 35

factors that affect the velocity of impulse conduction (2)

Answer 35

axon diameter, myelination

Question 36

Types of myelination (2)

Answer 36

continuous and saltatory conduction

Question 37

impulse transmission

Answer 37

the transfer of an impulse from one cell to another

Question 38

synapse

Answer 38

junction where impulses are transmitted

Question 39

impulse transmission events differ based on

Answer 39

synapse functional type

Question 40

Types of synapse (2)

Answer 40

electrical and chemical synapse

Question 41

electrical synapse

Answer 41

Ions flow through gap junctions from cell to cell

Question 42

chemical synapse

Answer 42

Neurotransmitters cross cleft between cells, synaptic delay

Question 43

synaptic delay

Answer 43

chemical transmission is slower than conduction.

Question 44

steps of transmission at typical chemical synapse (5)

Answer 44

1 Impulse arrives at presynaptic terminal. 2 Voltage-gated Ca channels open and Ca enters the terminal. 3 Neurotransmitter released from vesicles by exocytosis. 4 Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptors. 5 Binding of neurotransmitters opens ion channels, exciting or inhibiting post-synaptic cell.

Question 45

synapse structural types (3)

Answer 45

Axodendritic (most common), axosomatic (fairly common), axoaxonic (least common).

Question 46

there are __ different neurotransmitters

Answer 46

50

Question 47

The most widespread and well-known neurotransmitter

Answer 47

acetylcholine

Question 48

acetylcholine is used in what type of nervous system(s)? (2)

Answer 48

CNS, PNS

Question 49

acetylcholine occurs at all __ with skeletal muscle

Answer 49

synapses

Question 50

acetylcholine action is usually __ , but that depends on the __ .

Answer 50

excitatory; postsynaptic receptor

Question 51

gray matter (2)

Answer 51

neuron cell bodies and neuroglia in CNS; ganglion in PNS

Question 52

white matter

Answer 52

myelinated axons/tracts in CNS

Question 53

a bundle of axons includes (2)

Answer 53

tract in CNS, nerve in PNS

Question 54

nerve types (3)

Answer 54

sensory, motor, mixed