Test 2 problem session

Question 1

What does Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium assume?

Answer 1

No mutation
No migration
No selection
Random Mating
Infinite population size

Question 2

What does the P stand for in the migration problem?

Answer 2

initial frequency of the place receiving the imigrants

Question 3

What does the p stand for in the migration problem?

Answer 3

initial frequency of the migrants

Question 4

Formula for inbreeding

Answer 4

(p^2+Fpq)AA+ 2(1-F)pq)Aa+ (q^2+Fpq)aa

Question 5

Increased genetic variation within a population

Answer 5

Mutation
Migration
some types of natural selection

Question 6

Decreased genetic variation within a population

Answer 6

Genetic Drift

Some types of natural selection

Question 7

Increased genetic variation between populations

Answer 7

mutation
Genetic Drift
Some types of natural selection

Question 8

Decreased genetic variation between populations

Answer 8

Migration

Some types of natural selection

Question 9

Compensation loops

Answer 9

are seen at synapsis in individuals heterozygous for interstitial deletions and for individuals who are heterozygotes for tandem and reverse tandem duplications

Question 10

What does recombination in paracentric inversions result in?

Answer 10

acentric fragments and dicentric bridges

Question 11

What do duplications and deletions result from (inversions)

Answer 11

recombination in inversion heterozygotes

Question 12

What is the origin of deletion

Answer 12

improper repair of broken metaphase loop or unequal recombination or from chromosome structure mutations

Question 13

How did duplication arise (origin)?

Answer 13

unequal crossing over or replication errors

Question 14

How did pericentric inversion arise (origin)?

Answer 14

improper repair of broken loop during S-phase

Question 15

How did paracentric inversion arise?

Answer 15

improper repair of broken loop during S-phase

Question 16

How did Reciprocal Translocation arise?

Answer 16

nonhomologus recombination

Question 17

Aneuploid conditions in humans?

Answer 17

turner syndrom
down syndrome
klinefelter syndrome

Question 18

Conjugation

F+ x F-

Answer 18

F+ has a autonomous F factor
-F+ cell initiates contact with pili bringing cells together
-Conjugation tube develops forming a channel between the cells
-F factor replications in rolling circle method begging with cleavage at the oriT of the F factor
-The 5’ end of the F factor leads the way into the F-cell while replication occurs
-Can result in no change if the DNA entering is degraded or if can be circularized turning into a F+ cell
the cells seperate

Question 19

Conjugation

Hfr x F-

Answer 19

Hfr has the F factor integrated into the bacterial chromosome

• cell contact is initiated by pill and the conjugation tube is formed
• bacterial chromosome plus F factor travel to cell.
• replication occurs resultiing in a new double stranded portion
• recombination occurs
• the cells seperate