Test 2 Review of Random ?'s Flashcards by Brandon Griffin

What differences in a child’s airway might make airway management more dif cult than in an adult?

A smaller and larger soft palate
A harder soft palate and more narrow trachea
Proportionally larger tongue and larger teeth making airway obstructions more common
Proportionally larger teeth and trachea
Proportionally larger tongue and more narrow trachea

Proportionally larger tongue and more narrow trachea

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You are preparing a nebulized albuterol treatment for your patient, you mix ______ into 3mL of saline. Albuterol is a(n) _________.

2.5mg
2.5g
180mcg
beta 1-agonist
beta 2-agonist
alpha-beta agonist

2.5mg, beta 2-agonist

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The indication for albuterol would be:

Bronchospasm
Esophageal varices
Acute chest pain
Suprasternal chest pain
Hypoglycemia signs and symptoms

Bronchospasm

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Which of the following is not one of the 5 “rights” before administering a drug

Right Place
Right Person
Right Drug
Right Dose
Right Date

Right Place

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You have given your patient a dose of nitroglycerin when your patient begins to complain of a headache, you should:

Immediately withhold any further doses of the medication
Immediately recognize the presence of an allergic reaction and give oxygen
Explain to the patient since nitroglycerin is a vasoconstrictor it is common to experience a headache after taking nitroglycerin
Immediately give high flow oxygen
None of the above

None of the above

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Your patient is experiencing a severe allergic reaction. In management in severe allergic reactions with both respiratory and circulatory involvement, the first line treatment is:

High flow oxygen therapy with a non-rebreather with reservoir at 15L/min Epinephrine administration to an area of high muscle
High ow oxygen therapy with a non-rebreather with reservoir at 15L/min, titrated to 94% SPO2
Positive pressure ventilation with a BVM with reservoir at 15L/min
Epinephrine administration to an area of high fat

Epinephrine administration to an area of high muscle

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Which of the following best describes “indication”

Desired effects of a drug on the patient and/or the body systems.
The actions of a drug other than those desired.
The action of a drug.
How the drug help’s the patient
None of the above

None of the above

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You are preparing a nebulized treatment for your patient, your partner hands your a medication called Ventolin. You would recognize this as:

Albuterol
Diphenhydramine
Epinephrine
Ketamine
None of the above

Albuterol

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When assessing if your patient has any contraindications to aspirin, you are assessing for:

Bleeding risk
Pregnancy risk
Low levels of platelets
Low levels of white blood cells
All of the above

Bleeding risk

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Epinephrine is a(n)…

Alpha antagonist
Beta-1 agonist
Beta-2 agonist
Alpha agonist
Alpha-beta agonist

Alpha-beta agonist

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When given an order by the medical director to give a medication, you should repeat the order back word for word, this is called:

Closed-loop communication
Open-loop communication
In-the-loop communication
First person communication
Higher order communication

Closed-loop communication

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Which of the following respiratory diseases causes obstruction of the lower airway?

Epiglottis
Emphysema
Croup
Asthma
More than one of the above is correct

More than one of the above is correct

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The most severe allergic reactions usually result from:

Medications/Insect stings
Foods
Liquid mercury
Pollutants
Colored dyes in foods and sodas

Medications/Insect stings

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What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children?

Abuse and neglect
Respiratory compromise
Cardiac birth defect
Respiratory birth defect
Accidental overdose

Respiratory compromise

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When a child starts to become hypoxic, the pulse will initially:

Increase
Become irregular
Decrease
Not change

Increase

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Albuterol, a beta-2 agonist, is the generic name for:

Atrovent
Alupent
Metaprel
Brethine
Ventolin

Ventolin

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An acute bacterial infection that results in swelling of the flap that covers the larynx during swallowing is called:

croup
laryngitis
epiglottitis
diphtheria
glottitis

epiglottitis

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A 70-year-old man recently had a heart attack and now complains of severe dif culty breathing, especially when lying at. He is coughing up pink, frothy secretions and has profound pedal edema and JVD. The most likely cause of this patients symptoms is:

acute right heart failure.
severe left heart failure that lead to right sided heart failure
severe right heart failure that lead to left sided heart failure
these are common complications from heart attack treatments
acute left sided heart failure

severe left heart failure that lead to right sided heart failure

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You have a 45 y/o patient complaining of dif culty breathing that began suddenly. Your patient has clear and equal breath sounds with equal chest rise. Your patient has no JVD or pedal edema, and all vital signs are within normal range, however, your patient is in the tripod position and is breathing audibly. Which of the following should be included for your treatment in this patient?

Apply the AED and transport rapidly.
Provide supplemental oxygen
Provide positive pressure ventilations
Place an OPA and if your patient has a gag re ex, place an NPA
None of the above

Provide supplemental oxygen

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Which of the following are signs and symptoms of a pulmonary embolism?

A history of chronic or terminal illness, productive cough, weakness, low pulse oximeter reading
A history of respiratory problems, thoracic trauma, and absent lung sounds
A possible history of recent surgery, or long bone fracture, chest pain, tachypnea
A possible cardiac history, rales, pedal edema, and orthopnea
Shortness of breath after a 20 minute car ride to the store that began suddenly

A possible history of recent surgery, or long bone fracture, chest pain, tachypnea

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Which of the following two statements is true regarding asthma?

Asthma involves accumulation of air in the pleural space
Asthma involves a collection of fluid in the pleural space.
Asthma involves excessive mucus production.
Asthma involves bronchoconstriction
Asthma involves hyoid spasms
Asthma involves the presentation of urticaria

Asthma involves excessive mucus production.
Asthma involves bronchoconstriction

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Which of the following statements by your patient would prompt you to not give nitroglycerin:

“I went on a walk yesterday and become diaphoretic with some intense chest pain but I feel otherwise okay now”
“When I was sitting here watching TV I felt a few palpitations then I had severe chest pain that has not gone away, I took viagra about 8 hours ago”
“I have been having uncomfortable chest pain for the last 4 days”
“I was mowing the grass when I become extremely short of breath and diaphoretic”
“My husband was doing some chores when he became extremely short of breath and started complaining of chest pain, he shortly after passed out!”

“I went on a walk yesterday and become diaphoretic with some intense chest pain but I feel otherwise okay now”
“When I was sitting here watching TV I felt a few palpitations then I had severe chest pain that has not gone away, I took viagra about 8 hours ago”
“I have been having uncomfortable chest pain for the last 4 days”
“My husband was doing some chores when he became extremely short of breath and started complaining of chest pain, he shortly after passed out!”

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Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:

altered mental status and bradycardia.
unilateral paralysis and slurred speech.
anxiety, dizziness, and severe bradypnea.
tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.
all of the above are symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome

tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.

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A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 24 breaths/min with a deep depth. Which of the following treatment modalities is MOST appropriate for this patient?

assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device and a head-to-toe exam
oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment
positive-pressure ventilations and immediate transport to the closest hospital
oxygen via a nasal cannula, vital signs, and prompt transport to the hospital
oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a rapid trauma assessment

oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment

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While palpating the radial pulse of a 56-year-old man with chest pain, you note that the pulse rate is 86 beats/min and irregular. This indicates: Pain Anxiety Bradycardia Dysrhythmia None of the above

Dysrhythmia

How does nitroglycerin help? Vasodilation Vasoconstriction Hypoperfusion Increasing the blood pressure All of the above

Vasodilation

Oral glucose is indicated in patients with a blood sugar less than:

A 56-year-old man has an acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following blood vessels became blocked and led to his condition? Myocardial arteries Coronary veins Coronary arteries Pulmonary veins Pulmonary arteries

Coronary arteries

A patient with cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular brillation has the greatest chance for survival if: CPR is initiated within 10 minutes. oxygen and rapid transport are provided. debrillation is provided within 2 minutes. paramedics arrive at the scene within 5 minutes. placement of an advanced airway

debrillation is provided within 2 minutes.

A 59-year-old woman presents with chest pressure. She is conscious and alert, but her skin is cool, pale, and clammy. Your rst step in providing care (treatment) should be: apply the AED. give a patient one dose of her nitroglycerin begin positive pressure ventilation take a complete set of vitals give the patient 5 baby aspirin

take a complete set of vitals

If a patient with an implanted pacemaker is in cardiac arrest, the EMT should: avoid debrillation with the AED and transport at once. not apply the AED until he or she contacts medical control. place the AED pads away from the pacemaker. apply the AED pads directly over the implanted pacemaker. None of the above

place the AED pads away from the pacemaker.

Your patient reports to you they commonly get diaphoretic and have chest pain after walking up a ight of stairs but reports the pain goes after they rest for a few minutes, this patient is most likely experiencing: Unstable angina Stable angina Myocardial infarction Pulmonary embolism Acute coronary syndrome

Stable angina

You are assessing a 49-year-old man who, according to his wife, experienced a sudden, severe headache and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. His blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. His wife tells you that he has hypertension and diabetes. He has MOST likely experienced: acute hypoglycemia. acute hyperglycemia. a ruptured cerebral artery. a complex partial seizure. an occluded cerebral artery.

a ruptured cerebral artery.

A 29-year-old male complains of a severe headache and nausea that has gradually worsened over the past 12 hours. He is conscious, alert, and oriented and tells you that his physician diagnosed him with migraine headaches. He further tells you that he has taken numerous different medications, but none of them seem to help. His blood pressure is 132/74 mm Hg, his pulse is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 20 breaths/min and adequate. In addition to high-ow oxygen, further treatment should include: assisting him with his migraine medication and transporting without lights and siren. applying warm compresses to the back of his neck and transporting with lights and siren. dimming the lights in the back of the ambulance and transporting without lights and siren. placing him in a supine position and transporting with lights and siren to a stroke center. None of the above

dimming the lights in the back of the ambulance and transporting without lights and siren.

The EMT-B can give oxygen without medical control approval True False

False

The most the most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the _______ which is seen in _______. (note: the rst three answer choices are options for the rst blank, and the last three answer choices are for the second blank) Brain stem Forebrain Foramen Magnum Starlings Triad Beck's Triad Cushing's Triad

Brain stem, Cushing's Triad

Your patient tells you in the past they were diagnosed with inammation of the outermost membrane that covers the brain, this patient is describing: Encephalitis Meningitis Schizophrenia Brain abscess HSV-encephalitis

Meningitis

You are called to Walmart for a individual who fell to the ground and was shaking violently. When you arrive to the scene bystanders report the shaking lasted about 2 minutes and was a full body response. This patient likely experienced a: Postictal state Simple focal seizure Status epilepticus Absence seizure None of the above

None of the above

You are called to the scene of an elementary school for a concerned teacher who reports a young student frequently will abruptly stop mid-conversation and stare into space but would return to the conversation after about 10 seconds of staring. This is most likely: Postictal state Simple focal seizure Status epilepticus Absence seizure None of the above

Absence seizure

What is closed-loop communication? Repeating word for word the transmission Closed-loop communication allows to ask questions Only repeating the dose None of the above All of the above

Repeating word for word the transmission

Your patient took 60 Advil about 70 minutes ago. What will you do for your patient? Transport rapidly Apply a NC at 6LPM Give activated charcoal at .5-1mg/kg Give activated charcoal at .5-1g/kg Induce vomiting

Transport rapidly

Your patient reports having shortness of breath, but no chest pain. In regards to the shortness of breath the patient is... A pertinent neutral - SOB A pertinent negative A pertinet positive None of the above

A pertinet positive

Which portion of the heart, when weakened by a heart attack, is responsible for causing uid to back up into the alveoli? Right atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle Pulmonary vein Coronary arteries

Left ventricle

Which of these most accurately describes insulin? Hormone that breaks food into simple sugars Pill that must be taken by patients with diabetes Drug that increases the sugar in the blood Hormone that enables glucose to move into the cells Both A and D

Hormone that enables glucose to move into the cells

During the postictal state, it is best to put the patient... Supine so you can suction In the lateral recumbent position Supine so you can monitor their airway Prone so they are not directly exposed to light Prone for airway monitoring

In the lateral recumbent position

You administer a medication that is an alpha-agonist, this medication will cause: Bradycardia Decrease of the pulse pressure Bronchial constriction Bronchial dilation More than one of the above

Bronchial dilation

Carbon Monoxide poisoning can give an SpO2 reading at 100% because... It binds on hemoglobin 20x stronger It binds on red blood cells 200x stronger It binds on red blood cells 20x stronger It binds on hemoglobin 200x stronger

It binds on hemoglobin 200x stronger

A patient who suddenly stopped drinking alcohol after a long period of drinking will most immediately suffer from? Early onset dementia Marfan's syndrome Cerebral shrinking Cerebral expansion Delirium tremens

Delirium tremens

You are dispatched to the residence of a 80 y.o female who is presenting with an altered mental status. You nd the patient has pinpoint pupils, what is a potential cause of the pinpoint pupils? Morphine Cocaine Crack Heroin Acetaminophen Adderall

Morphine, Heroin

Which of the following is not true regarding submersion incidents: These patients should be considered hypoxic These patients are considered hypothermic All submersion emergencies should assume spinal injury There are no restrictions on AED use and submersion emergencies All of the above is true

There are no restrictions on AED use and submersion emergencies

Your patient does not want you to transport them because they believe all medical workers are murders. What psychiatric symptom would this fall under? Paranoia Phobia Mania Delirium Depression

Paranoia

A pregnant patient would be put on her side to relieve pressure off the descending aortic artery True False

False

During delivery, the baby presents with the cephalic region emerging rst. What should be done in this situation? This is not a deliverable position and you should drive with lights and sirens Place the mother supine with her butt elevated Insert a gloved hand into the vagina creating a V-shape to push the vaginal wall from the baby's face Insert a gloved hand into the vagina relieving pressure off the cord None of the above

None of the above

During delivery, the baby presents with the butt emerging first, what should be done in this situation? This is not a deliverable position and you should drive with lights and sirens Place the mother supine with her butt elevated Insert a gloved hand into the vagina creating a V-shape to push the vaginal wall from the baby's face Insert a gloved hand into the vagina relieving pressure off the cord None of the above

Insert a gloved hand into the vagina creating a V-shape to push the vaginal wall from the baby's face

How many degrees per hour should someone be warmed after severe hypothermia

In the management of a COPD patient experiencing an acute exacerbation, which of the following treatments is typically administered first? Oral antibiotics IV uids IV steroids Supplemental oxygen and bronchodilators Epi-pen

Supplemental oxygen and bronchodilators

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls and loss of lung elasticity? Chronic bronchitis Asthma Emphysema Pneumonia None of the above

Emphysema

Which type of COPD is primarily associated with chronic productive cough and excessive mucus production? Chronic bronchitis Asthma Emphysema Pneumonia Cystic fibrosis

Chronic bronchitis

Which of the following is the most common type of stroke, accounting for approximately 85% of all strokes? Hemorrhagic stroke TIA Ischemic stroke Embolic stroke None of the above

Ischemic stroke

Which of the following is a common sign of a stroke, often assessed using the Cincinnati stroke scale? Fever Arm weakness Leg weakness Tinnitus Altered mental status

Arm weakness

APGAR scores are taken at _____ minute and _____ minutes.

1, 5

The dose for activated charcoal for both adults and pediatrics is _____ The total max dose for nitroglycerin is _____ mg. The dose of aspirin is _____ Ensure to use the correct units for the dose if not given.

.5-1g/kg, 1.2, 325mg

You are preparing to give your patient epinephrine for an acute allergic reaction, the route of delivery you would choose would be _____ and given at a _____ degree angle. This type of route of delivery allows for _____ absorption of the medication. The ideal site of delivery for a patient without legs would be the _____ options 90 75-90 45-60 45 25

IM, 90, rapid, deltoid

Blood that enters the right side of the heart is ___ blood that came from the _____ When the right side fails, it causes _____ Blood that is sent to the lungs is part of the _____ circulation Blood that enters the left side of the heart is _____ blood that came from the _____ When the left side fails, it causes _____ The left side sends blood to the _____ options brain kidneys jugular vein systemic systemic edema

de oxygenated, body, pedal edema, pulmonary, oxygenated, lungs, pulmonary edema, body

All high quality breathing should have what three things: _____, _____, and _____; what are the three items do we use to assess how well our patient is breathing: _____ _____ and _____.

quiet, effortless , equal chest rise, rate, rhythm, quality

Place each drug into the correct category (note: not all answer choices will be used) Medications the EMT can give, Medications the EMT can assist options oxygen glucose aspirin insulin nitro MDI Albuterol

Medications the EMT can give oxygen glucose aspirin Medications the EMT can assist nitro MDI Albuterol

Categorize the following signs and symptoms as hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia: options Gradual onset Fast and deep breathing Positive urine test for ketones Rapid pulse Diabetic coma Excessive urination Polyphagia Rapid onset Normal breathing Negative urine test for ketones Cool and clammy Insulin shock

hyperglycemia Gradual onset Fast and deep breathing Positive urine test for ketones Rapid pulse Diabetic coma Excessive urination Polyphagia hypoglycemia Rapid onset Normal breathing Negative urine test for ketones Cool and clammy Insulin shock

Order from fastest to slowest how quickly the drug route leads to drug absorption

IM Inhalation Ingestion