Test 2 Terms

Question 1

Transduction

Answer 1

The process of converting basic sensory info into neural activity that the brain can interpret

Question 2

What did Johannes muller study in 1826

Answer 2

Doctrine of specific nerve energy - the idea that different brain areas are specialized for different sensory input

Question 3

Orientating response

Answer 3

Occurs when surprising new events capture our attention

Question 4

Sensory adaptation

Answer 4

We are set up to devote less attention to firmiliar stimulae -experienced as boredom

Question 5

Absolute threshold

Answer 5

The minimum amount of energy/stimulus that we can detect atleast 50% of the time

Question 6

Difference threshold

Answer 6

The smallest difference between stimuli that we can detect atleast 50% of the time

Question 7

Structuralism

Answer 7

Focused on the elementary units of perception

Question 8

Gestalt psychology

Answer 8

Insisted that perception is far more than simply the consonants that go into it

Question 9

Figure ground principal

Answer 9

We use the features of objects to determine what is the object and what is the background

Question 10

Law of similarity

Answer 10

Grouping objects together because of their features

Question 11

Law of continuity

Answer 11

Need to figure this out

Question 12

Law of closure

Answer 12

Need to figure this out

Question 13

Bottom up processing

Answer 13

Perception from sensory input

Question 14

Top down processing

Answer 14

Perception from our prior experience

Question 15

Innatentional blindness

Answer 15

Failure to perceive visual events when focusing on another task

Question 16

Cones and rods

Answer 16

Cones see colour rods help vision in low light situation

Question 17

Circadian Rhythems

Answer 17

Biological rhythms over 24 hour cycle (sleep/wake cycle)

Question 18

Melatonin

Answer 18

Excreted by pineal gland - makes us sleepy

Question 19

Entrainment

Answer 19

The synchronization of biological rhythms with external cues such as light / temp

Question 20

Endogenous rhythms

Answer 20

Biological rhythms that to not depend on external cues

Question 21

Polysomnography

Answer 21

Machine that can see your sleep patterns

Question 22

Electroencephalogram

Answer 22

Measures frequency and amplitude of eeg waves
(Amplitude : the distance and high in eeg wave form)
(Frequency: the rate of up and down shifts in eeg wave form)

Question 23

Preserve and protect hypothesis

Answer 23

The idea that sleep surves the function of conserving our energy and keeping us out of trouble at night

Question 24

Sleep displacement

Answer 24

When we are unable to sleep at our usual time

Question 25

Classical / Pavlovian conditioning

Answer 25

Jim making Dwight salavate with the computer sound

Question 26

Reinforcer

Answer 26

Any positive result of a behaviour that increases the likelyhood of repeating the behaviour

Question 27

Primary & secondary reinforcements

Answer 27

Primary: things we can’t live without Secondary: things that lead to primary eg money a job etc

Question 28

Discriminative stimulus

Answer 28

Behaviour that is only supported in a certain environment (cheering at a game) behaviour is rewarded in one situation and not in another

Question 29

Stimulus generalization

Answer 29

Generalizing a behaviour from one situation to another

Question 30

Extinction

Answer 30

Decline in frequency of previously reinforced behaviour after removal of inforcer

Question 31

Delayed reinforcements

Answer 31

As more time seporates behaviour and reinforcer the less strong the inforcemant will work

Question 32

Reward devaluation

Answer 32

Sometimes you want reward more than others ( don’t want treat after eating)

Question 33

Shaping training

Answer 33

Training a skill step by step

Question 34

Chaining

Answer 34

Trainers reinforce animal to link 2 or more shapes behaviours together into sequence

Question 35

Continuous & partial reinforcements

Answer 35

Continuous: reward follows everytime Partial: reward follows behaviour sometimes

Question 36

Prosopagnosia

Answer 36

Face blindness

Question 37

Multimodal integration

Answer 37

The ability to combine sensation from different senses (hear a cat meow see cats mouth move know cat made the sound)