Test 3

Question 1

Nondeclarative memories

Answer 1

Includes actions and behaviour that you perform without awareness

Question 2

Iconic memory

Answer 2

The visual form of sensory memory

Held for .5-1 secs

Question 3

Echoic memory

Answer 3

The auditory form of sensory memory

Held for 5-10 seconds

Question 4

The Atkinson - shiffrin model

Answer 4

3 memory stores
Short term memory (stm)
Sensory memory
Long term memory (Ltm)

Question 5

Serial position effect

Answer 5

People will remember the first few items of a list, and the last few but not the middle

Question 6

Working memory

Answer 6

Model of short term memory that includes a combination of memory components that can temporarily store small amounts of info

Question 7

The phonological loop

Answer 7

A storage component of working memory that relies on rehearsal and stores info as sounds

Question 8

The visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 8

Storage component of working memory that holds visual images

Question 9

The episodic buffer

Answer 9

Part of working memory that combines images and sounds into one coherent story

Question 10

The central executive

Answer 10

Part of working memory that coordinates attention and the exchange of info among the three storage components

Question 11

3 storage components of working memory

Answer 11

Phonological loop
Episodic buffer
Visuospatial sketchpad

Question 12

Declarative memories / explicit memories

Answer 12

Memories you can recall and verbalize

Question 13

Episodic memory

Answer 13

Form of declarative memory based on your own personal experience

Question 14

Semantic memories

Answer 14

A declarative memory that includes facts about the world

Question 15

Heuristics

Answer 15

Problem solving strategies that stem from prior experience and provide an educated guess as to what is the most likely solution

Question 16

Consolidation

Answer 16

The process of converting short term memory into long term in the brain

Question 17

Classical categorization

Answer 17

Theory claims that objects or events are categorized according to their features

Question 18

Sensory memory

Answer 18

Memory store that holds perceptual info for a very short amount of time

Question 18

Graded membership

Answer 18

The observation that some concepts appear to make better category members than others

Question 19

Concept

Answer 19

The mental representation of an object, event, or idea

Question 20

Categories

Answer 20

The clusters of interrelated concepts

Question 21

Semantic network

Answer 21

An interconnected set of nodes/concepts and the links that join them to form a category

Question 22

The whorfian hypothesis

Answer 22

The theory that the language we use determines how we understand and categorize the world
This theory is not true

Question 23

Algorithms

Answer 23

Problem solving strategies based on a series of rules

Question 25

Mental set

Answer 25

A cognitive obstacle that occurs when and individual attempts to apply a routine solution to what is a new type of problem

Question 26

Chunking

Answer 26

Organizing small units of info into larger more meaningful ones

Question 27

Aphasia

Answer 27

A language disorder caused by damage to the brain structures that support using and understanding language

Question 28

Broca’s area

Answer 28

Region of left frontal lobe that controls our ability to articulate speech

Question 29

Wernickes area

Answer 29

The area of the brain most associated with finding the meaning of words

Question 30

Phonemes

Answer 30

The most basic of units of speech sounds (letter T)

Question 31

Morphemes

Answer 31

Smallest meaningful units of language (the word pig cannot be broken down into anything smaller that’s meaningful)

Question 32

Semantics

Answer 32

Study of how people come to understand meaning of words