test 2.2

Question 1

the common “death belief” of all American Indian tribes is:

Answer 1

there is no real death

Question 2

by the late 17th century and throughout the 18th century, mourning took on a “social character” in Colonial America. This was demonstrated by:

Answer 2

the family giving gifts of rings, scarves, gloves, etc. to the living

Question 3

in this American Indian tribe, the “Spirit Keeping Ceremony” is very elaborate and lasts 1 year:

Answer 3

Lakota

Question 4

the “Burial in Woolen Act of 1666” required that woolen cloth be substituted for ________ in the shroud and lining of the coffin

Answer 4

linen

Question 5

the edict of toleration in 313 AD resulted in:

Answer 5

resulted in dead being buried within city walls

Question 6

the Counter Reformation of the Catholic Church has the following effect on funeral ritual:

Answer 6

funerals became quite elaborate with decoration and ceremony

Question 7

during the Middle Ages, clergy were often buried with their feet extending towards the:

Answer 7

east

Question 8

Written Response
What were the duties of the “Steward of the Guild” and the “Death Crier”?

Answer 8

Steward of the Guild - made the funeral arrangements which included a Requiem Mass, solemn burial, payment of the “soul shot” and distribution of alms to the poor.

Death Crier - person dressed in black with a skull and crossbones painted on his garment
-walked through the town ringing a bell and announcing the name of the decedent and time of death.

Question 9

this mourning garment of the Middle Ages was a long black cloak:

Answer 9

weed

Question 10

Written Response

Pretend you are at a funeral in England in the Middle Ages. You do not know the deceased, but you know that the deceased was wealthy. What are 2 indications that tell you the deceased is wealthy?

Answer 10

• The decedent was then wrapped in a sheet of fine linen
  -Wax was extremely expensive and so the number of torches/candles used was an indicator of the wealth and importance of the decedent.

Question 11

a long pleated arrangement of fine linen worn by wealthy widows in the Middle Ages was called a:

Answer 11

barbe

Question 12

from the 10th-18th century, this type of burial became a nuisance:

Answer 12

intramural

Question 13

this practice was known as the “vigil for the dead”:

Answer 13

wake

Question 14

during the wake, a common practice in Medieval England was to:

Answer 14

place a cup of wine with the deceased

Question 15

Written Response

List 2 duties that the members of the burial club/guide were expected to perform:

Answer 15

• pay for the services of a chaplain as well as candles and other equipment and supplies.
• attend the funerals of deceased members and regularly pray for their souls.

Question 16

in the mid 18th century, decedents were often wrapped in this covering that was soaked with alum, pitch, or wax:

Answer 16

cerecloth

Question 17

this was a life sized, waxen, recreation of the deceased:

Answer 17

effigy

Question 18

in Colonial America, these clergy did not take part in the funeral ceremony:

Answer 18

Puritan

Question 19

During the Middle Ages, Protestants would sprinkle ________ on the deceased at the graveside.

Answer 19

dirt

Question 20

this raised platform was used for a decedent to “lie in state”:

Answer 20

catafalque

Question 21

this American colony was founded in 1630 by the puritans:

Answer 21

Massachusetts Bay

Question 22

In the middle ages, people began to care more about the ___________ side of death instead of the ___________ side of death, due to the Black Death.

Answer 22

physical, spiritual

Question 23

this practice involved dismembering the dead and creating multiple burial sites

Answer 23

Independent Heart Burial

Question 24

this person was responsible for making the funeral arrangements for a member of the burial club:

Answer 24

Steward of the Guild

Question 25

when a wealthy Anglo-Saxon died in the 5th century

Answer 25

the book of gospels was laid on the deceased

Question 26

Written Response: What was the purpose of the "burial clubs?"

Answer 26

burial clubs were formed to help defray funeral expenses because by the 15th Century, religious funeral ceremonies became very important even for the working class

Question 27

A _________ is an "employee" and a member of the church who takes care of teh grounds and graveyard amongst other duties

Answer 27

sexton

Question 28

this man had a dispute with the Roman Catholic Church in which he rejected the doctrine of purgatory, the Mass, and the mediation of the priesthood:

Answer 28

Martin Luther

Question 29

this was the mortuary fee that was paid to ensure entrance of the decedent's soul into heaven:

Answer 29

soul shot

Question 30

the economic revolution in 18th century Colonial America had the following effect on mortuary behavior:

Answer 30

- a class system was created in the towns - Puritans had greater control on town behavior - funerals in town were an opportunity to display status

Question 31

at all English funerals in the Middle Ages, a sprig of this plant was thrown into the grave by all who attended the burial:

Answer 31

rosemary

Question 32

the practice of uncoffined burial by the church in the Middle Ages was precipitated by the

Answer 32

Black Death of the 14th Century

Question 33

funerals in the Middle Ages were greatly influenced by:

Answer 33

the emergence of the Christian church from persecution