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PB 200 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

also called blue-green algae or blue-green bacteria

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2
Q

Basic Properties of cyanobacteria

A
  1. Have bacteriochlorophyll
  2. Red/blue Pigments
  3. Require moist conditions
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3
Q

Importance of cyanobacteria

A
  1. At the bases of many aquatic food chains
  2. Rapid division under optimal conditions can significantly impact water quality.
  3. Toxin production by some species
  4. Nitrogen fixation
  5. Skin irritation
  6. Few are edible (spirulina)
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4
Q

What phylum make up green algae

A

Chlorophyta and Charophyta

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5
Q

Green algae are in what kingdom

A

kingdom plantae

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6
Q

Thalloid body structure

A

sheet like

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7
Q

nodal body structure

A

stem like structure w/ distinct locations for branching. (Chara)

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8
Q

Filamentous body structure

A

Strand like

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9
Q

Colonial body structure

A

Cells aggregate together in a particular configuration. (Volvox)

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10
Q

Unicellular body structure

A

One cell (may be elaborate)

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11
Q

Charophyta

A

(stoneworts)
1.Some of the closest terrestrial plant relatives
2. Some are nodal, no meristems or buds
3. Usually freshwater

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12
Q

Chlorophyta

A

(Green algae)
-All have chlorophyll a
-store starch
-large photosynthetic cells
-freshwater/marine
-some explored as sources of biofuel

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13
Q

Chromophyta

A

(Diatoms, brown, and yellow green algae)

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14
Q

Diatoms

A

(kingdom protista)
Unicellular
Walls composed of silicon
Walls are ornately grooved or in a specific pattern.
-diatomaceous earth (insect control)

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15
Q

Brown Algae

A

(Kingdom Protista chromophyta)
-Kelps
Produces alginates (thickeners in several food products)

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16
Q

Rhodophyta

A

Red algae, kingdom protista
-Highly branched or thalloid
-appear red b/c of phycobilin
-Nori, sushi wrap

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17
Q

Dinophyta

A

red tides
potentially toxic
pfisteria, joann burkholder

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18
Q

Lichens

A

-Symboitic association between fungi and cyanobacteria or algae (photosynthesis)

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19
Q

Crustose

A

Flat and crust like

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20
Q

Foliose

A

Sheet like

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21
Q

Fruticose

A

Branched or busy like. string like

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22
Q

Ecological significance of lichens

A
  1. Air quality indicators
  2. Fabric construction
  3. Forage for caribou
  4. Dye extraction
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23
Q

Diploid

A

2 copies of DNA per cell
1. Sporophyte generation

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24
Q

Haploid

A

1 copy of DNA per cell
2. spores develop into a mature gametophyte

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25
Q

Meiosis

A

Diploid cells undergo this to form spores

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26
Q

Gametophyte generation

A

sperm fertilizes egg to form a zygote, which will develop into a sporophyte

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27
Q

Bryophytes

A

Plants with no seeds or vascular tissue

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28
Q

Characteristics of bryophytes

A
  1. small
  2. dominant gametophyte
  3. moist environments
  4. mycorrhizal associations
  5. colonizing organisms
  6. highly variable environments
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29
Q

Liverworts (bryophyte)

A

gametophytes anchored by rhizomes

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30
Q

hornworts (bryophytes)

A

Small but dominant gametophyte. Produce a horn like sporophyte.

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31
Q

Mosses

A

Make up most of the bryophytes.

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32
Q

Ecological impact of mosses

A
  1. Colonizers
  2. Good indicator of soil conditions
  3. Preservative capacity
  4. Fuel source (Peat moss)
  5. Antiseptic properties
  6. Help prevent erosion
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33
Q

Lycophytes

A

(Club mosses and quillworts)
(Seedless vascular plants)

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34
Q

Fern allies

A

organisms w/ similar life cycle characteristics and all reproduce by spores plus have vascular tissue

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35
Q

Lycopodium

A

(Ground pines) (Lycophyta)
look similar to gymnosperms

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36
Q

Selaginella

A

(spike mosses)
(Lycophyta)
free branching, moist habitats, (resurrection plants)

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37
Q

Isoetes

A

(quillworts) (lycophyta)
grasslike
moist conditions

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38
Q

Lycophyte uses

A

-ornamental/ decor
-spores used as powder for flash photography
-forage
-blood coagulant

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39
Q

Whisk ferns (pteridophyta)

A

(seedless vascular pants)
-Only a few species
-Cooksonia is the earliest known plant to have vascular tissue.
-No true roots, rhizomes, bifurcating stems w/ yellow sporangia

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40
Q

Horsetails and scouring rushes

A

-Seedless vascular plants
- All have true roots and stems
about 25 species
- vertical stems w/ obvious nodes
-photosynthetic

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41
Q

Ferns

A

Conspicuous sporophyte with true roots, stems, and leaves. Sori contain spores

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42
Q

Pinophyta

A

cone bearing tree
pine
spruce
juniper
fir
cedar
cypress

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43
Q

Structural features of gymnosperms

A

thick cuticle, resin canals, compact mesophyll, sunken stomata

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44
Q

Fascicles

A

needle like leaves arranged in these.

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45
Q

Conifer facts

A
  1. No vessel elements
  2. Thick periderm
  3. composed of cork cells
  4. cope w/ low intensity fires
46
Q

Pollen cones

A

male gametophyte of pinophyta

47
Q

seed cones

A

female gametophyte of pinophyta
2. Base of bracts are ovules that produce female gametophyte

48
Q

Length of time from pollination to seed maturity for gymnosperms

A

2-3 years

49
Q

General sherman

A

most volume in a tree

50
Q

hyperion

A

tallest tree

51
Q

cycadophyta

A

gymnosperms, rare, most diversity now in botanical collections
- dioecious
- flagellated sperm that must be carried from one plant to next.

52
Q

ginkgophyta

A

gymnosperms, dioecious, ginkgo biloba

53
Q

Significant features of gymnosperms

A
  1. Boreal forests- cold or freezing tolerance
  2. Primary invaders in succession-mycorrhizal relationship
  3. Size and longevity
  4. Resistant to many pathogenic fungi and insects, although some very susceptible.
  5. building materials and wood products
  6. newsprint
54
Q

flower

A

primary reproductive organ in angiosperms
-composed of 4 whorls

55
Q

sepals

A

outermost part of the flower, develops first

56
Q

calyx

A

the group of sepals

57
Q

petals

A

internal to sepals, external to stamen

58
Q

corolla

A

the group of petals

59
Q

perianth

A

calyx plus corolla

60
Q

stamens

A

male reproductive structures
- composed of anther and filament

61
Q

anther

A

part of stamen where pollen production occurs

62
Q

filament

A

part of stamen that elevates the anther

63
Q

androecium

A

group of stamens

64
Q

pistil

A

innermost part of flower,
female reproductive part

65
Q

gynoecium

A

all pistil structures together

66
Q

stigma

A

part of pistil that receives pollen, the top

67
Q

sytle

A

part of pistil that elevates the stigma

68
Q

ovary

A

part of the pistil that contains ovules

69
Q

ovules

A

each ovule produces an egg cell.

70
Q

Whorl organs of monocots

A

multiples of 3s

71
Q

whorl organs of dicots

A

multiples of 4s and 5s

72
Q

receptacle

A

enlarged tip of peduncle where whorls attatch

73
Q

peduncle

A

flower stalk (elevates flower and connects with stem)

74
Q

Perfect flower

A

has both stamen and pistils

75
Q

complete flower

A

has all 4 whorls

76
Q

incomplete flower

A

lacks at least one whorl

77
Q

imperfect flower

A

lacks either a stamen or a pistil

78
Q

monoecious

A

male and female imperfect flowers on the SAME plant.

79
Q

dioecious

A

all flowers on the same individual plant are either male or female. must cross pollinate

80
Q

monoecious and dioecious flowers are

A

incomplete imperfect flowers

81
Q

functions of the flower

A
  1. production of offspring
  2. yield fruit
  3. yield seeds
82
Q

Self pollination

A

transfer of polen from anther to stigma on the same plant

83
Q

cross pollination

A

transfer of pollen from anther to stigma of different plants

84
Q

fertilization

A

union of sperm and egg cells to form a diploid zygote (sporophyte)

85
Q

fruits form as a result of

A

thickening and enlargement of ovary and sometimes receptacle

86
Q

fruit is a

A

thickened mature ovary

87
Q

seeds are…

A

fertilized ovules

88
Q

dehiscent

A

splits open at maturity

89
Q

indehiscent

A

does not split open

90
Q

dry fruits

A

ovary dehydrated at maturity… thin fruit wall

91
Q

fleshy fruits

A

remain hydrated at maturity

92
Q

aggregate fruits

A

form from several pistils in the same flower. the individual ovaries enlarge and fuse together
ex. rasperry, blackberry

93
Q

multiple fruits

A

form from several flowers in an inflorescence. the fruits from each flower fuse together to generate one larger structure
ex. pineapple, corn

94
Q

accessory fruits

A

are composed of a thickened ovary wall as well as other floral organs, such as petals and or receptacle. ex apple, strawberry

95
Q

drupe

A

one seed per drupe

96
Q

desmid

A

unicellular with a construction in the center

97
Q

protonema

A

structure in the moss life cycle that receives the spores. has a bud with the female gametophyte

98
Q

antheridium

A

haploid (gametophyte generation) produces sperm

99
Q

archegonium

A

haploid (gametophyte generation) holds the egg.

100
Q

moss sporophyte

A

is supported by the gametophyte

101
Q

moss sporangium

A

diploid sporophyte generation
-holds the spores

102
Q

fiddlehead

A

frond that is yet to develop

103
Q

fern leaves are called

A

fronds

104
Q

prothallus

A

gametophyte for ferns (photosynthetic)

105
Q

angiosperms

A

have vascular tissue seeds and flowers.
-sporophyte is dominant generation

106
Q

domestication

A

growing a plant and selecting for favorable characteristics

107
Q

modern corn came from

A

teosinte

108
Q

Germplasm

A

variety of genetic composition of a particular species

109
Q

Svalbard global seed bank

A

Norway, seed bank with deposits made from countries.

110
Q
A

PB 200 (3 decks)

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