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MICRB 410 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How does the exposure to pathogens select for MHC polymorphism?

A

unique presentation of a key antigen keeps the population alive

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2
Q

MHC Class I peptide derivation

A

cytosol

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3
Q

MHC Class II peptide derivation

A

endocytic vesicles

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4
Q

Proteasome

A

1 20S and 2 19S components

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5
Q

20S component

A

made up of 4 rings, 7 subunits each; hollow core lined with proteolytic subunits

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6
Q

protealytic subunits

A

B1, B2, and B5

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7
Q

What does the proteasome recognize?

A

polyubiquination

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8
Q

Enzyme for ubiquitinization: E1

A

ubiquitin activating enzyme; adds ubiquitin to Lysine

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9
Q

Enzyme for ubiquitinization: E2

A

ubiquitin conjugating enzyme; adds ubiquitin to Lysine

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10
Q

Enzyme for ubiquitinization: E3

A

ubiquitin ligase

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11
Q

Trigger for the Immunoproteasome

A

IFN-y secreted by NK and T-cells

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12
Q

Immunoproteasome: instead of proteolytic units

A

LMP2, LMP7, and MECL 1

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13
Q

MECL1

A

DIFFERENCE from proteasome; allows to cut after hydrophobic resides

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14
Q

PA 28 Caps

A

allow for increased rate of releasing peptides and helps get peptides to proper length

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15
Q

TAP

A

transporters associated with antigen-processing; heterodimer in ER membrane that shuttles peptides into ER; requires ATP

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16
Q

Calnexin

A

what MHC Class I a-chains binds to in the ER

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17
Q

MHC Class I peptide loading complex

A

calreticulin, tapasin, Erp-57

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18
Q

calreticulin

A

holds MHC in partially folded state

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19
Q

tapasin

A

holds MhC close to TAP

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20
Q

Erp-57

A

protects disulfide bonds in MHC

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21
Q

invariant chain

A

forms a trimer; final destination info is found on this; the final destination is endocytic vesicles

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22
Q

cathepsin S

A

cleaves Ii until the CLIP remains in the peptide binding cleft

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23
Q

HLA-DM

A

NEVER FOUND AT THE SURFACE; governs the removal of CLIP and finding of correct peptide

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24
Q

HLA-DO

A

NEVER FOUND AT THE SURFACE; acts as a negative regulator of HLA-DM; expression NOT increased by IFN-y

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25
Cross presentation
ability to understand that the peptide is form a virus infected cell so it puts it in an MHC Class I instead of Class II
26
What changes the chemokine receptors expressed on dendritic cells?
toll-like receptors
27
CCR7
expressed when it enters the lymph node; sensitive to CCL19 and CCL21
28
CCL19 and CCL21
secreted from lymphoid tissue; attract T-cell to lymph node
29
What is shutoff while dendritic cells are circulating?
phagocytosis
30
Dendritic cell in the lymph node
high expression of MHC I and II because of high levels of B7.1 and B7.2
31
CCL18
secreted to bring T-cells into lymph nodes
32
naive T-cell
out of the thymus and not activated
33
L-selectin
binds to GlyCAM-1 and CD34 to allow rolling adhesion
34
CCL21
strengthens the LFA-1 and ICAM-1 interactions
35
sulfated sialyl Lewis-X moity
has to do with extravasation and diapedesis of T-cells
36
T-cell Dendritic Interaction: 1
T-cell/Dendritic LFA-1/ICAM-1
37
T-cell Dendritic Interaction: 2
T-cell/Dendritic ICAM-3/DC-SIGN
38
S1P
highest concentration found at the exit of lymph node to keep T-cell moving
39
Protein kinase
phosphorylation at serine, threonine, and tyrosine activated by dimerization
40
scaffold proteins
large, many interaction domains
41
adaptor proteins
smaller, less interaction domains
42
G-proteins
small GTPases; inactive: bound to GDP, active: bound to GTP
43
GEF
Guanine Exchange Factor; inactive to active
44
GAP
GTPase Activating Protein; active to inactive
45
second messengers
small biochemical mediators
46
phosphotidyl kinases
PIP2 to PIP3; Pleckstrin Homology Domain binds to PIP3
47
ITAM
intracellar domain of T-cell receptor and CD3 complex; phosphorylated and triggers next events
48
Lck
activated upon correct binding and will activate ITAM
49
ZAP-70
2 SH2 domains; binds to zeta tails and is phosphorylated by Lck
50
Phosphorylation of ZAP-70
triggers the recruitment of LAT and SLP76
51
Gads
linker between LAT and SLP76
52
Gads:SLP76:LAT complex
recruits Phospho-lipase C
53
B7.1 B7.2 and CD28
phosphorylated by LCK and recruits PI3K
54
PI3K
changes PIP2 to PIP3
55
PIP3
recuits Itk
56
Itk
phorphylates Phospho-lipase C
57
DAG
only different within membrane; made from the breakdown of PIP2; 2 transcription factors
58
IP3
completely different; made from the breakdown of PIP2; 1 transcription factor
59
Activation of NFAT
draw it
60
Activaiton of DAG
draw it
61
Activation of NFkB
draw it
62
Dendritic cytokines
triggers the T-cell into the G1 phase of the cell cycle
63
IL2
important for cell proliferation
64
Naive T-cell IL2 receptor
only B and y domains
65
Activated T-cell IL2 receptor
a, B, and y domains
66
T-cells
proliferate multiple times per day for multiple days
67
What allows effector T-cells to be recruited to infected tissues?
changes in surface proteins
68
VLA-4
expressed instead of L-selectin, binds with VCAM-1 that is upregulated on infected cells
69
VCAM-1
upregulated on infected endothelial cells
70
LFA-1
important for contacting target cells; conformational change increases the interaction with ICAM-1
71
T-cell immunity
cell-mediated immunity
72
Cytoskeleton rearrangement at the site of contact
microtubule organization center lines up with the Golgi
73
site of contact
SMAC and immunological synapse
74
What does a CD8 need extra for costimulation?
it must also bind to a CD4 effector T-cell
75
B7 interaction
CD4 and Dendritic; causes production of Il-2 by CD4; causes upregulation of Cd40 ligand to bind to CD40 receptors on dendritic
76
Upregulation of B7
dendritic now upregulates B7 molecules to help the CD8 get activated
77
CD8: Apoptosis
nuclear and membrane blebbing and fragmentation of DNA (200 bp)
78
CD8: Cytotoxic Granules
perforin, granulysin, serglycin, and granzymes
79
perforin and granulysin
get inside the target cell
80
serglycin and granzymes
keeps everything together
81
granzymes
5 different ones; they're all serine proteases
82
Granzyme B: Pathway 1
cleaves and activates BID; TBID interacts with mitochondria to exocytose cytochrome C
83
Granzyme B: Pathway 2
cleaves and activates Caspase 3; caspase cascade leads to the activation of CAD
84
CAD
fragments DNA
85
TH1 cells
activate microphages
86
TH17
(REGULATORY) enhance neutrophil response
87
TH2
activates cellular and antibody response to parasites; only Ab is IGE
88
TFH
help B-cells secrete their Ab
89
Treg
(REGULATORY) keeps the T-cells in control by stopping dendritic cells from activating T-cells

MICRB 410 (5 decks)

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