Test 3

Question 1

What are the different signs of skull fractures

Answer 1

Raccoon sign
Battle sign 
CSF double halo
CSF rhinorrhea
CSF otorrhea

Question 2

How many brain injuries occur in sports each year

Answer 2

1.6-3.8 million

Question 3

What does TBI stand for

Answer 3

Traumatic brain injury

Question 4

True or false

TBI can occur in recreational and workplace/industrial settings and are common in motor vehicle accidents

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or false

Concussion identification and assessment is constantly changing due to our improving research and understanding injuries

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Cerebral concussion injury is associated with?

Answer 6

Virtually every sport

Question 7

What’s the definition of second impact syndrome

Answer 7

Occurs when a second injury to the brain occurs before the symptoms associated with an initial brain injury have fully cleared

Question 8

What may second impact syndrome cause

Answer 8

May cause deterioration resulting in death or vegetative state

Question 9

Since 1945 how many brain injures have result for football

Answer 9

510

Question 10

When was the reduction of football fatalities due to brain injury and why

Answer 10

Mid 1970 and due to equipment improvement

Question 11

True or false

Nonfatal brain injures have seen gradual increase over time

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Children younger than _____ represent the majority of all cases of TBI

Answer 12

15

Question 13

TBI is higher in which gender

Answer 13

Males

Question 14

Who are at increased risk for second impact syndrome?

Answer 14

Adolescents

Question 15

What is pathomechanics

Answer 15

Transient neurological dysfunction resulting from applied force to the head

Question 16

What is coup injury

Answer 16

Forceful blow to the resting movable head produces brain injury beneath point of cranial impact

Question 17

What is contrecoup injury

Answer 17

Forceful blow to the moving head produces brain injury opposite site of cranial impact

Question 18

What is the difference between coup and countercoup

Answer 18

The result of brain leg and distribution of CSF

Question 19

What does CSF stand for

Answer 19

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 20

What are the two types of traumatic brain injuries

Answer 20

Focal and diffuse

Question 21

What’s focal brain injury

Answer 21

Post-traumatic intracranial mass lesions

Question 22

What’s diffuse brain injury

Answer 22

Disruption of neurological function, bout usually associated with macroscopic brain lesions

Question 23

What is acute neurometabolic cascade

Answer 23

Involves accelerated glycolysis and increase lactate production

Question 24

How long does decreases cerebral blood flow last

Answer 24

10 days

Question 25

What happens during decrease cerebral blood flow

Answer 25

The younger athlete is at greatest risk for sudden death

Question 26

What is cerebral contusion

Answer 26

Brain tissue suffers bruising when object hits the skull

Question 27

What is associated with cerebral contusion

Answer 27

Partial paralysis or hemiplegia; one sided pupil dilation, altered vital signs Also brain swelling

Question 28

What are the two types of cerebral hematoma

Answer 28

Epidural | Subdural

Question 29

What is cerebral hematoma

Answer 29

Results in increase intracranial pressure and possible shifting of cerebral hemisphere

Question 30

What does cerebral hematoma cause

Answer 30

Decline in neurological function

Question 31

What is epidural hematoma

Answer 31

Result of severe blow to head producing skull fracture in temporoparietal region

Question 32

What is Subdural hematoma

Answer 32

Caused by blow to head resulting in brain being thrust against point of contact

Question 33

How can you prevent head injuries

Answer 33

Properly fitted equipment Cervical muscle strength Respect for playing rules

Question 34

How should concussion be managed

Answer 34

Recognize injury and severity Determine if athlete needs more attention Decide for return to play Well developed protocol

Question 35

What's the first step in recognition

Answer 35

Education intervention for everyone

Question 36

Majority of concussion involve?

Answer 36

No LOC but will be dazed, dizzy, with impaired balance

Question 37

What's retrograde amensia

Answer 37

Occurs when athlete has difficulty remember events preceding injury

Question 38

What's anterograde amensia

Answer 38

Occurs when the athlete has difficulty remembering events after injury

Question 39

How often are vital signs monitored

Answer 39

Every 1-2 mintues

Question 40

Prolonged unconsciousness lasting longer than 1 requires ?

Answer 40

Inline immobilization and immediate transfer

Question 41

Are orientation questions good to ask

Answer 41

May not be good discriminators between injured and noniniured athlete

Question 42

What's sideline assessment include

Answer 42

Observation and palpating Testing cranial nerves Test BP Check level of consciousness

Question 43

Should athletes return to play on the same day of suspected cerebral concussion

Answer 43

No

Question 44

What does BESS stand for

Answer 44

Balance error scoring system

Question 45

What are error in BESS

Answer 45

``` Hands lifted off iliac crest Open eyes Step, stumble, fall Hip flex in more then 30 degrees Lift forefoot or heel ```

Question 46

How is BESS calculated

Answer 46

By adding error points

Question 47

What does SAC stand for

Answer 47

Standardized assessment of concussion

Question 48

What does SCAT3 stand for

Answer 48

Sport concussion assessment tool 3

Question 49

What types of medications should be avoided when concussed

Answer 49

Aspirin or NSAIDS

Question 50

What is a medicine that can be used for pain relieving effects

Answer 50

Acetaminophen

Question 51

How long does concussion typically last for college and highschool athletes

Answer 51

College 5-7 days Highschool last longer then college

Question 52

What's the time of death for second impact syndrome

Answer 52

2-5 mintues

Question 53

Autoregulatory is associated with what injury

Answer 53

Second impact syndrome

Question 54

How long should each step take for return to play and how many days does it involve

Answer 54

24 hrs and 5-7 frats from the time at which athlete is first symptom free

Question 55

What are the 6 rehab stages for concussion

Answer 55

No activity Light aerobic exercise Sport specific exercise Non contact training drills Full contact practice Return to play