Test 3.8

Question 1

How long can the brain survive without perfusion

Answer 1

4-6 mintues

Question 2

Decreased blood volume resulting in poor oxygen transport

Vascular system loses cavity to maintain fluid portion of blood due to vessel dilation, and disruption of osmotic balance

Answer 2

Hypovolemic

Question 3

Lungs unable to supply enough oxygen to circulating blood

May be the result of pneumothorax

Answer 3

Respiratory

Question 4

Caused by general vessel dilation which does not allow typical 6 liters of blood to fill system

Decreased oxygen transport

Answer 4

Neurogenic

Question 5

Explain cardiogenic

Answer 5

Inability of heart to pump enough blood

Question 6

Explain psychogenic

Answer 6

Syncope or fainting caused by temporary dilation of vessels reducing blood flow to the brain

Question 7

Explain septic

Answer 7

Result of bacterial infection where toxins cause smaller vessels to dilate

Question 8

Explain metabolic

Answer 8

Occurs when illness goes untreated (diabetes) or when extensive fluid loss occurs

Question 9

Result of serve allergic reaction

Answer 9

Anaphylactic

Question 10

What are the signs and symptoms of shock

Answer 10

Moist, pale, cold, clammy skin
Weak rapid pulse, decreased BP
Urinary retention and fecal incontinence
Thirsty

Question 11

What conditions can predispose a person into shock

Answer 11

Extreme fatigue, dehydration, exposure to heat or cold and illness

Question 12

What is the management for shock

Answer 12

Maintain core body temp
Elevate feet 8-12" above heart
Calm and reassure patient 
Control the scene
DO NOT GIVE ANYTHING BY MOUTH

Question 13

Define asthma

Answer 13

A chronic inflammatory disease affecting millions of individuals throughout the US and world

Question 14

What are the two physiologic component of asthma

Answer 14

• Inflammation- may lead to hyperresponsive and narrowing in response to a tigger
• Bronchoconstriction- constriction of the airway

Question 15

With asthma what happens if airway obstruction is not corrected

Answer 15

Airway failure can occur

Question 16

Allergen-induced Bronchoconstriction results from what

Answer 16

From release of mast cell mediators causing smooth muscle contraction

Question 17

Airway restriction occurs in asthma patients due to?

Answer 17

Edematous swelling of airway wall (with or without muscle spams)

Question 18

What is near-fatal asthma

Answer 18

Asthma symptoms that case severe breathing difficulties that do not result in death

Question 19

What is sudden-onset asthma exacerbations

Answer 19

Exacerbations that cause near-fatal asthma or fatal asthma that severely obstruct the airway within 1.5 to 3 hours from the first sign of symptoms

Question 20

How many people are affected by asthma

Answer 20

300 million individuals ranging from 1-18% of the population in different countries

Question 21

True or false

Asthma is a leading cause if atraumatic sudden death in athletes after all other cardiac causes of sudden death

Answer 21

True

Question 22

When do the most asthma deaths occur

Answer 22

Early fall, followed by the summer and spring

Question 23

How many kids died from asthma in 1990-2003

Answer 23

42%

Question 24

The causes of fatal asthma have been linked to?

Answer 24

Airway restriction

Question 25

In postmortem studies what has been found with asthma related deaths

Answer 25

Damage to bronchial epithelial, blockage of airway lumen with mucus, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway

Question 26

50% of asthma deaths were attributed to individuals with a history of

Answer 26

Severe asthma

Question 27

What are the intrinsic risk factors with asthma

Answer 27

Family history Ethnicity Athleticism Past history of severe exacerbations, poor asthma control

Question 28

What are the extrinsic factors with asthma

Answer 28

Environmental factors Asthma medications Illicit drug use

Question 29

What are the symptoms of severe asthma

Answer 29

``` Difficulty speaking Chest pain Wheezing Shortness of breath Use of accessory muscles for breathing Sweating Drowsy or LOC ```

Question 30

What does the physical exam include for asthma

Answer 30

Auscultation of the lungs Athlete may present mental changes due to hypoxia Vital signs will present hypotension and bradycardia

Question 31

What is the respiratory rate usually for asthma

Answer 31

Greater than 30 breaths per mintues and heart rate greater than 120 beats per mintue

Question 32

What is PEFR

Answer 32

Peak expiratory flow rate

Question 33

Explain PEFR

Answer 33

The maximal rate that a person can exhale during a short maximal expiratory effort after a full inspiration

Question 34

What is a spirometry

Answer 34

A pulmonary function test that measures the volume of air as a function of time

Question 35

What are the indications for referral to ER

Answer 35

Decline in respiratory status - peak flow less than 60% - if a person is unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy - rapid decline in lung function - suprasternal retraction - cyanosis - not able to speak in sentences

Question 36

What is the precent of cases resulting in asthma deaths due to delay of treatment medication

Answer 36

31%

Question 37

Occurs when there is inadequate perfusion | -can be life threatening

Answer 37

Shock