Test 3.5

Question 1

What are the two types of abdominal injuries

Answer 1

Penetrating-easily detectable (time spent caring for)

Blunt trauma- time spent detecting

Question 2

Why does the center punch automatic window breaker work better then your fist

Answer 2

Small surface area

High velocity

Question 3

What are the two types of organs

Answer 3

Hollow and solid

Question 4

What is a hollow organ

Answer 4

If injured can leak contents into abdominal cavity causing severe hemorrhage

Question 5

What are solid organs

Answer 5

More commonly injured in sports

Question 6

What does the Left upper portion of your abdominal contain

Answer 6

Stomach
Spleen
Splenic flexure of colon
Tail of pancreas 
Left kidney

Question 7

What does the upper right portion of the abdominal contain

Answer 7

Liver 
Gallbladder
Hepatic flexure of colon
Head of pancreas
Right kidney

Question 8

What does the bottom right portion of the abdominal contain

Answer 8

Cecum

Appendix

Question 9

What does the bottom left portion of the abdominal contain

Answer 9

Sigmoid colon

Question 10

Do organs continue to move when body stops ?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What do deceleration injuries often involve

Answer 11

Liver, spleen, kidney, abdominal viscera

Question 12

What does physical exam for abdominal injuries include

Answer 12

Begin with ABCs assessment
BP, pulse, respiration rate
Abdominal examination

Question 13

What’s Cullen’s sign

Answer 13

Ecchymosis in periumbilical area

Question 14

What’s flanks called

Answer 14

Turners sign

Question 15

True or false

Auscultation is done before percussion

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What’s an abdominal wall contusion

Answer 16

Contusion in region of epigastrium may result in transient dypsnea

Question 17

How should abdominal wall contusion be treated

Answer 17

Rest

Athlete can return when symptoms stop

Question 18

What happens in cases when symptoms of abdominal wall contusion subside and return

Answer 18

Athlete may have undiagnosed hollow organ injury/injury to solid organ

Question 19

What do splenic injuries consist of

Answer 19

Caused by direct trauma to left lower chest/ upper left quadrant

Question 20

If pain is referred to left shoulder what injuries could be possible

Answer 20

Splenic injury

Question 21

What is pain to the left shoulder called

Answer 21

Kehrs sign

Question 22

What is ballone sign and what injury is it associated with

Answer 22

dullness in left flank and shifting position dullness in right flank

Question 23

What’s needed with post splenectomy/ repair

Answer 23

Most MDs recommend 3 months for abdominal to heal

Also recommend 6 months before return to sports

Question 24

What do liver injuries consist of

Answer 24

Uncommon in sports

Chief complaint is pain in upper right quadrant

CT scan is best modality for determining extent of injury

Question 25

What's the MOI for liver injuries

Answer 25

Direct blow to the upper right quadrant Deceleration type of injury, which disrupts the capsule

Question 26

What do renal injuries consist of

Answer 26

One of the most common Most cases are mild, 10% of cases include nephrectomy Pain in flank Hematuria is most frequent finding

Question 27

What is needed to distinguish between sport-related and abdominal injuries related to hematuria

Answer 27

Repeated urine analysis

Question 28

What do intestinal injuries include

Answer 28

Rarely reported Injuries to duodenum usually associated with direct blow to epigastric region or in conjunction with pancreas injury Jejunal injuries are also rare

Question 29

What do pancreatic injures include

Answer 29

Rare and difficult to diagnose Gradual onset At should approach with high degree of suspicion until injury is benign

Question 30

What are non-traumatic abdominal injuries

Answer 30

Gastrointestinal symptoms Marathon pancreatitis

Question 31

What does GI symptoms include

Answer 31

Cramping and blotting Watery stools, bloody stools Result of changes in mileage/intensity

Question 32

What does marathon pancreatitis include

Answer 32

Rare; comes on during event | More common in females and young runners

Question 33

What does postulated cause during marathon pancreatitis

Answer 33

Dehydration and ischemia

Question 34

What's the most important point with abdominal injuries

Answer 34

To identify is if a life threatening injury exists

Question 35

What is appendicitis

Answer 35

Management based on clinical rather than lab findings Be mindful of long travel

Question 36

What is ectopic pregnancy

Answer 36

Implantation of fertilized ovum outside of endometrial cavity Result in massive hemorrhage, ruptured Fallopian tube, death

Question 37

What are factors with ectopic pregnancy

Answer 37

Cigarette smoking Increasing age

Question 38

What is the presentation and evaluation of suspected ectopic pregnancy

Answer 38

Presentation: pelvic pain Evaluation: vital signs Will require pelvic exam by qualified clinician Age of pregnancy is also considered along with various hormone levels