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Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the backgrounds for the reformation

A

muslim army threat, papal power waned, humanism, churchs worldliness, interest in bible/early church, influence of augustine, sense of crisis

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2
Q

what is humanism

A

recorvery of the classical world of greece and rome in art and learning

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3
Q

where did humanism occur

A

italy 15th century

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4
Q

who is desiderius erasmus

A

dutch renaissane humanist, catholic priest

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5
Q

why is DE important

A

published greek test of the NT, empahsis on right living and deeds, purged away physicality of christian devotion

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6
Q

who is martin luther

A

monk of augustinian order, criticized the indulgence system, condemned for heresy in 1520

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7
Q

what was martin luther question of salvation

A

its a gift from god freely given by god to be received by faith

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8
Q

what are the three treatises

A

to the christian nobility of german nation- church reform
babylonian captivity- sacraments from 7 to 3
freedom of the christians- passive righteousness

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9
Q

who did luther marry and what did they both oppose

A

katharina von bara, both opposed celibacy and monasteries

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10
Q

true or false luther endorsed sola scriptura

A

true

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11
Q

where did the name protestant come from

A

protestatio

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12
Q

who is zwingli

A

more radical than luther, preached directly from bible in zurich

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13
Q

what did zwingli believe

A

questioned veneration of saints, purgatory, images, vestaments, and music

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14
Q

true or false zwingli rejected transubstantiation

A

true

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15
Q

what legacy did zwingli leave for later protestants

A

strict scripturalism, suspicion of idolatry, preference for spirit over matter, against eucharistic real presence

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16
Q

radical reformation believed it possible to restore what

A

prinitive model of christianity

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17
Q

anabaptists are also known as

A

belivers baptism

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18
Q

what did anabaptist belive

A

infant baptism lacked scriptural warrant, chrurch must be voluntary true believers, discipline must be maintained, separation of church and state, never swear an oath

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19
Q

what group came out of the fall of the anabaptists

A

mennonites by menno simons

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20
Q

who is john calvin

A

led religious reform in geneva, wrote institutes of christian religion

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21
Q

what did calvin believe

A

he believed all scripture was authoritative, in the unity of the Bible the idea of predestination, four fold ministry that included a pastor teacher elder and deacon, in Geneva as a model of Christian common walk

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22
Q

fourfold ministry

A

pastor, teacher, elder, deacon

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23
Q

calvin was what (3)

A

systematic, logical, scriptural

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24
Q

double destination

A

god chose who he wished to save and chose who he wished to condemn

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25
what started englands reformation
king henrys marriage
26
events in englands reformation (5)
king henrys marriage, act of restraint of appeals, break from rome, no changes in practice and doctrine, thomas cranmer and book of common prayer
27
what is the act of restraint of appeals
it forbade all appeals to rome
28
after break from rome who became head of church in england
king henry
29
what are the 7 sacraments
baptism, confirmation, eucharist, reconciliation, marriage, holy orders, and anointing of the sick
30
what are the 5 points of calvinism
total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistable grace, perseverance of the saints
31
what society what the new combative spirit againts the protestants
jesuits
32
Who was Ignatius
He was the Spanish soldier who founded the Jesuits
33
What did the Jesuits believe
Ia vow of poverty and service to others, no daily prayers or canonical office but internalized piety, hierarchy and discipline, and a special vowel of loyalty to the papacy
34
Who wrote the spiritual exercises
ignatius
35
what did ignatius believe was the goal of the spiritual exercise
empower activity in the world
36
what did ignatius focus on
images of scripture
37
what did the council of trent do
Defined official Catholic teachings more explicitly, solo scriptura was rejected, and the church as the true interpreter of scripture, apocrypha was fully canonical, the seven sacraments were reaffirmed, justification by faith rejected, faith formed by love asserted, clerical celibacy and dress code was reaffirmed, bishop authority strengthened
38
Reinvigoration of letting Catholicism
inquisiton, teres of avila, trained parish clergy, baroque style, revived roman catholicism
39
who is teresa avila
soanish carmelite nun who emphasized christocentric piety, mystical experience (piercing heart, marriage with divine), and established discalced carmelites
40
what is the baroque style
solidity and mass, use of color and picture, constratsed gothic style
41
catholic protestant conflict in holy roman empire
peace of augsburg, jesuits eduactional institutions and reforming movement in the church, reformed church not in peace of augsburg so no legal status
42
what is the peace of augsburg
allowed holy roman local rulers to choose lutheranism or catholicism, each dominion folloe religion of rulers, could emigrate to new regions
43
catholic protestant conflict in france
huguenots arose, french wars of religion between catholics and huguenotes, edict of nantes that granted huguenots religious and political freedom
44
st bartholonew day massacre
catholics killed 5-10 thousand huguenots
45
king edward with thomas cranmer
established book of common prayer, clerica marriage made legal
46
mary 1
latin liturgy resumed, papal authority restored, monastic house established, persecution of protestants
47
elizabeth 1
elizabethan compromise, liturgy of cranmer modified, excommunicated by pope, puritianism grew out of this
48
what is the elizabethan compromise
combined protestant theology with traditional practices
49
puritanism
called for church to be reformed and purified
50
what is defenestration of prague
people thrown out of windows
51
thirty year war
between imperial catholic forces and protestant union, no divine triumph, resulted in peace of westphalia
52
what is peace of westphalia
ended thirty years war, cemented nation state, autonomy of states, recognized that europe would be divided by religion
53
synod of dort
ariminiams emphasis on free will (against predestination), international reformed community reaffirmed predestination, movement from calvinism to arminianism in england after dort
54
english civil war
between anglicans (royalists) and puritans by cromwell, charles executed, became commonwealth of england, went back to elizabethan compromise after cromwell death, puritans expelled from the church
55
reinternationalization of christianity characteristics
16-17th centuries brutal civil war, planted churches on all continents except for austrailia, all from western churches, connected with imperial expansion of european power
56
who did most missionary endeavors come from
spain and portuagal
57
padroado system
spanish and portuguese monarchs complete control of the churches in their colonial empires
58
church of ethipoia
close connections to coptic church, isolated, distinctive christianity, sabbatarianism, diet laws, reverance for ark
59
islamic jihad did what in ethiopia
destroyed churches, monasteries, and manuscripts
60
christianity in india
mission led by jesuit francis xavier, adiminstered sacraments, translated apostles creed and ten commandments, and taught youth
61
what was xaviers biggest obstacle in india
the caste system
62
japanese christianity
started by political turmoil, led by xavier who had social and political connections with eaders like oda nobunga
63
japan had an interest in ___,___, and ___ with portuguese
tech, learning, and trade
64
what caused japan to isolate itself
hideyoshis persecution and the spanish franciscan mission that led to a antiforeign reaction
65
chinas christinaity
led by jesuit matteo ricci
66
matteo ricci was studied _____ and did _____ to help appease the chinese
theology, math, astronomy, wore clothes of buddhist monk and confucain scholar
67
what was ricci belief on christianity and confucianism
that they can work together because not that different
68
rites controversy
cominicans and franciscians accused jesuits of compromising true belief - tianzu and shangdi (names of god) - confucain ceremonies
69
spanish missions in the west
church was central part of imperial policy, god gold glory
70
who is bartolome de las casas
defender of native americans, separate geological areas called doctrinas that protected natives
71
english colonies in north america were what
haven for various reformed traditions
72
where was the elizabethan compromise in north america
southern colonies, carolinas, and georgia
73
where did the puritans settle in north america
colonies of new england up north
74
non separatists puritans believed what
eschatological belief
75
old england
house of lords, bishops and churches administering justice
76
new england
lay governors exercising authority in christian way
77
roger williams
argued for religious tolerance, founded first american baptist church
78
william penn
founded pennsylvania for religious freedom, most ethnically and religiouslly diverse colony
79
what does philadelphia mean
city fo brotherly love
80
who rejected the edict of nantes
louis xiv
81
what did louis xiv do or belive
against quietism, rejected edict of nantes, encouraged gallicanism
82
gallicansim
general councils over pope authority
83
jesuits emphasized what
humand freedom and responsibility in the work of salvation
84
jansenists emphasized what
power of god and the sinfulness of humanity
85
describe enlightenment
reason is primary source of authority and legitimacy, liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, to end abuses of church and state, revolutions
86
what is bacons method
the world is rational and orderly, a regular law and plan governed the universe, profound parallel between humand and divine reason
87
who is john locke
enlightenment thinker, philosopher, physician
88
beliefs of john locke
against appeal to absolutism, argued for religious tolerance, senses are surer guide than church
89
natural theology
prove gods existence and define gods nature through an appeal to the natural world
90
5 principles of true religion
god, obligation to worship a god, ethical law associated with a god, repent, final reward
91
religion of reason stated what
revelation is unnecessary and christian claims were to be defended by reason
92
deism
revelation is unnecessary, nothing contrary to reason can be held true, reason is necessary guide to knowledge, rejects trinity, deity of christ, resurrection, original sin, atonement, miracles, and eternal punishment
93
pietism in europe
reviatlizing interior life stressing the transforming power of gods love, use of small groups, use of alcohol questioned, mission, practical christianity
94
pia desideria
failure of current christianity and a way toward reform
95
moravians were a ___ between continental pietism and england
conduit
96
john wesley
founded methodism, small groups at pxford, emphasis on activity in the world and on the transformed heart, bleived in free will(arminianism), humans have power to triumph over the sin
97
cristicism of wesley and methodism
god communicating directly seemed dubious and dangerous, field preaching and lay preaching are problematic
98
what was the great awakening in america
18th century, influence of rational religion
99
frontier revival
large number of conversions, jonathan edwards
100
george whitefield
empahsis on new borth, baptism, lamented lack of piety among havard and yale and clergies
101
the message of heartfelt religion created what in the south
a crisis, heartfelt vs hierarchically ordered society
102
_____ of the slave community
evangelizatiob
103
rationalists and evangelicals united to overturn what
established anglican churches of the south

Christian Heritage (4 decks)

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