Test 3

Question 1

Piglet

Answer 1

Newborn

Question 2

Gilt

Answer 2

Young female

Question 3

Sow

Answer 3

Female

Question 4

Boar

Answer 4

Young female

Question 5

Barrow

Answer 5

Neutered male

Question 6

Hog

Answer 6

Any mature pig

Question 7

T/F
When collecting semen from a stallion for evaluation it is common practice to use electro-ejaculation if the stallion is not trained to use a mount dummy and artificial vagina

Answer 7

False

Question 8

When collecting semen from a stallion for artificial insemination it is important to determine the total number of sperm cells in an ejaculate. What parameters are required to calculate “Total Cells”

Answer 8

Ejaculate volume
Sperm cell concentration
Percentage of motile cells

Question 9

The proper name for the genital structure that is located on ultrasound exams to determine the sex of a fetus at 60 days of gestation is:

Answer 9

Genital tubercle

Question 10

In which species (Equine/bovine) would it be much more difficult to obtain a diagnostic or prognostic endometrial biopsy, due to the anatomy of the cervix, endometrium, and the distribution of placental sites.

Answer 10

Bovine

Question 11

What type of microscope is best for evaluation of the percentage of motile sperm cells in a wet mount?

Answer 11

Phase contrast

Question 12

When collecting embryos for transfer or for diagnostic purposes, the embryos are typically collected from cows or mares within the range of: __ days after estrus and ovulation.

Answer 12

6 to 8

Question 13

T/F
When collecting semen for breeding soundness evaluation it is common practice to use electro-ejaculation for bulls and a mount dummy and artificial vagina for stallions.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Embryos are contained within Zona Pellucida when they are collected at the correct number of days post-estrus. One of the earliest and probably most important biological functions of the Zona Pellucida is to:

Answer 14

Prevent polyspermy during fertilization.

Question 15

One simple method of inducing estrus in cattle, small ruminants and horses that are reproductively cycling, is to simply induce regression of the corpus luteum, thus allowing a developing follicle to cause estrus and ovulate. About three quarters of the cycling animals treated with one of the following protocols will come into estrus. What will cause luteal regression to happen?

Answer 15

Administer a single injection of prostaglandin F2alpha to all animals at a random convenient time.

Question 16

What pharmaceutical hormones is used to control the estrus cycle by causing luteal regression and a resulting drop in progesterone production from that CL, allowing cow or mare to express estrus and ovulate.

Answer 16

Testosterone

Question 17

Which hormone is capable of suppressing estrus and ovulation whether produced by the animal or administered as a pharmaceutical?

Answer 17

Progesterone

Question 18

The most frequent reproductive hormone assay in livestock is the progesterone (P4) assay. Low P4 levels, under lng/ml, indicate the lack of a functional CL. High P4 levels, over 2 ng/ml, indicate an active CL. In cattle, a common best use for the progesterone assay is to:

Answer 18

Determine that a cow is not pregnant, (low P4)

Question 19

There are two endocrine assays used to determine if a horse has functional testicular tissue, such as in a presumptive cryptorchid. What are the tests?

Answer 19

A single estrone sulphate

An HCG response test

Question 20

In an estrus mare that is scheduled for breeding, in addition to using ultrasonography, which endocrine essays can also be used to help predict the time of impending ovulation?

Answer 20

LH

Question 21

What species would it be the most difficult to catheterize the urinary bladder?

Answer 21

Bull

Question 22

A name for urolithiasis with either rupture of the urethra and accumulation of subcutaneous urine, or rupture of the bladder and accumulation of urine in the peritoneal cavity is “water belly”. This name is commonly applied to which species?

Answer 22

Steers

Question 23

Failure of passive transfer in foals and calves results from inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins from the dam’s colostrum during the first 24 hours of postpartum. Sometimes colostral substitute are used to supplement colostral immunoglobulins. It is essential that these substitutes contain adequate of only one of what category of immunoglobulins?

Answer 23

IgM

Question 24

What procedure is used to facilitate ophthalmologic examination or therapy in the equine species?

Answer 24

Auriculopalpebral nerve block

Question 25

Failure of passive transfer in foals and calves results from inadequate immunoglobulin transfer from the dam to the offspring. The mode of uptake of immunoglobulins in the calf or foal is:

Answer 25

Absorption of whole antibodies rom the GI tract within 24 hours of birth

Question 26

What structure, that can be easily identified when doing a rectal exam, is palpated to identify a fibrous impaction in the colon?

Answer 26

Pelvic flexure

Question 27

The two primary regions of the equine GI tract where microbial fermentation of feeds occurs are:

Answer 27

Cecum | Ventral colon

Question 28

T/F | LDA is typically not life-treatening in a cow.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Two common locations for sand to accumulate (and impact) in horses are:

Answer 29

Cecum Ventral colon Sternal flexure

Question 30

The most common location for obstructive sand impaction (sand colic) is the most ventral part of the large colon. This part is:

Answer 30

Sternal flexure

Question 31

This region is the most common location of the GI tract for ulcer formation:

Answer 31

Cardiac region of the stomach

Question 32

What dzs in a cow has the following c/s: hypothermia, decreased blood calcium, weakness and recumbency?

Answer 32

Eclampsia

Question 33

When sending in samples for pathology following a cow's abortion, what particular sample is the only place to find nitrate in the decreased calf's body?

Answer 33

Eyeball

Question 34

What dz is characterized by paralysis or paresis of the hind limbs post-partum in a dam?

Answer 34

Temperature and heart rate are both elevated

Question 35

T/F | The most critical aspect to milk replaces is to ensure that the fiber is greater than 22%

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Microbial fermentation in herbivores breaks down non-digestible plant material. The bacteria then produce gas and excrete end products that can then be absorbed and utilized by the host mammal for energy. The end products utilized by the host are:

Answer 36

Volatile Fatty Acids

Question 37

The primary sites for microbial fermentation of feed in the bovine and other ruminants are:

Answer 37

The reticulum and rumen

Question 38

T/F | When a cow regurgitations it is usually a sign that she has gastric dilation, bloat or proximal enteritis.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

In ruminal acidosis due to feeding a high energy, feedlot type ration, what are sequela to the acidosis?

Answer 39

Liver abscesses | Laminitis

Question 40

When a cow has bloat, a stomach tube is usually used to relieve the gas accumulation. In an emergency, when a cow is in severe respiratory distress and no stomach tube is available, trocar or knife can be placed into the rumen to relieve the gas accumulation. It should be inserted into the rumen through:

Answer 40

The upper left para-lumbar fossa

Question 41

What site is a more severe condition, an actual torsion of the abomasum, requiring immediate surgery for correction?

Answer 41

RDA

Question 42

What is the most likely site for impaction to occur in the bovine stomach?

Answer 42

Omasum

Question 43

T/F | The ability for a calf to absorb immunoglobulins via ingestion increases with age.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

You are on a farm call for a sick gilt. Upon physical exam, you find she has a temperature of 103 degrees F, heart rate of 99 bpm, and respirations of 14 bpm.

Answer 44

Temperature and heat rate are both elevated.

Question 45

What drug should be given immediately post-partum can hopefully prevent the likelihood of a retained placenta:

Answer 45

Oxytocin

Question 46

T/F | Caloric needs of a dairy cow are greater during gestation than lactation.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

T/F | Retained placenta is not typically treated in cows.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Giving oral fluids in the calf that contain bicarb in them be given:

Answer 48

1 hour prior to milk

Question 49

T/F | IV fluids should be given to all calves with scours greater than 8% dehydrated, and you should always use LRS.

Answer 49

False

Question 50

T/F | Navels are dipped with Nolvasan

Answer 50

False

Question 51

A calf comes in and has a temperature of 92 degrees, eyes are retracted 8mm. What route should you administer the fluids and how dehydrated is the calf

Answer 51

IV 8%

Question 52

T/F | Being born inside will decrease chances of hypothermia and will improve survivability.

Answer 52

False

Question 53

T/F | It is common on horses to assist with delivery using mechanical traction.

Answer 53

False

Question 54

What potential effect does decrease energy intake have on diary cows post partum

Answer 54

Ketosis

Question 55

T/F | Most commonly the incision for a bovine C section is on the right side and the cow is in right lateral

Answer 55

False

Question 56

What drug is used to stimulate respiration in the newborn

Answer 56

Dopram

Question 57

What is the most common cause of dystopia in cattle?

Answer 57

Calf- dam mismatch