Test 3-Anatomy 1 (craninal Nerves) Flashcards
(43 cards)
Naming
- Each cranial nerve has a number indicating the order, from ______ to ______ in which it arises from the brain
- Each has a name that designates the nerves _______
- Anterior/Posterior
2. Function
Nature
- Cranial nerves are functionally either ______ neurons only, or mixed (some combination of _______ and ________
- Those that are mixed may be primarily ______ or primarily ______
- Sensory (afferent)/Sensory (afferent)/Motor (efferent)
2. Primarily motor/Primarily sensory
Sensory Cranial nerves
- Two cranial nerves contain only sensory neurons: _____, _______
- One cranial nerve is so predominantly sensory that its motor function is frequently overlooked: ________
- Cranial nerves I, II, VIII are thus called _______ (even though CN VIII is not exclusively sensory)
- Cranial nerve I (olfactory)/Cranial nerve II (optic)
- Cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear)
- Sensory Nerves
Motor Cranial Nerves
- There are no cranial nerves that are exclusively motor throughout their entire length, however cranial nerves ______, ______, ______, ______, ______ are commonly called motor nerves because their function is predominantly motor
- They are often said to be mixed _____ or mixed ______
- It is a general principle that the sensory function of such nerves is ______ of the muscles over which they exert motor control
- III, IV, VI, XI, XII
- Mainly motor/Primarily motor
- Proprioception
Mixed Cranial nerves
- Cranial nerves _____, ______, ______, and _______ are termed mixed nerves because they have substantial motor and sensory functions, and contain axons of both ______ and ______ neurons
- V/ VII/ IX/X/Sensory/Motor
Single function motor cranial nerves
Most cranial nerves that have a motor function innervate more than one muscle, but the sole mission of two cranial nerves is to innervate a single muscle each:
- ______: Innervates the superior oblique
- ______: Innervates the lateral reclusive
- Both muscles are extrinsic muscles of the _______
- Each nerve is primarily ____, with _______ of its muscle being its _______ function
- Trochlear (IV)
- Abducens (VI)
- Eye
- Motor/Proprioception/Sensory
Somatic and Autonomic
- All motor cranial nerves have neurons that innervate _____ muscles
Some motor cranial nerves also have autonomic motor axons:
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
- The autonomic axons are part of the _____ division, and innervate ______, ______, and _______
- Somatic (Skeletal)
- III (Oculomotor)
- VII (Facial)
- IX (Glossopharyngeal)
- X (Vagus)
- Parasympathetic/Glands/Smooth muscle/cardiac muscle
I-Olfactory
- Entirely _____
- Contains axons that conduct nerve impulses for the sense of _____
- ______ and ______ are not CN I
- Short function: _______
- Sensory
- Smell
- Olfactory bulb/Olfactory tract
- Smell
I- Olfactory
- Olfactory receptors are ______ neurons
- Bundles of axons of the receptors extend through the ______ plate of the ______
- Those bundles taken together are the ______ nerve
- Loss of the sense of smell is called ______
- Bipolar
- Cribriform/Ethmoid
- Olfactory
- Ansomia
II- Optic
- Entirely _____
- Contains ______ axons that conduct nerve impulses for ______
- Optic _____ versus optic _______; Opitc _______
- Short function: _____
- Sensory
- Myelinated
- Nerve/Tract/Chiasma
- Vision
II- Optic
- _____ and ______ in the retina are light sensitive cells
- They relay signals to ______ cells, which convey the impulses to _____ cells, also in the retinal
- Axons of the ganglion cells form the _____ nerve and those same axons continue on to form the optic _____
- Rods/Cones
- Bipolar/Ganglion
- The optic/Tract
II Optic
- Assessment of _____ vision is one test associated with cranial nerve II
- Peripheral vision
III- Oculomotor
- Mainly _____
- Controls extrinsic ____ not innervated by ____ and ____
- Innervates intrinsic eye muscles: _____ muscle (on lens) ________ (iris)
- Short function: ______
- Motor
- Eye muscles/IV/VI
- Intrinsic Eye/ Sphincter papillae
- Eye movement
III-Oculomotor
- Innervates most eye _______
- _________ to intrinsic eye muscles
- Innervates _______ ( muscle of the upper eyelid)
- Eye muscles
- Parasympathetic innervation
- Levator palpebrae superioris
III- Oculomotor
- This is the pupillary ______ response test
- Bothe pupils should ______ when light is shined in only one eye
- Light
2. Constrict
IV- Trochlear
- Mainly ______
- Smallest of the _______ nerves
- Innervates superior ______ muscle of the eye
- Only _____ nerve to arise from the ______ aspect of the brain stem
- Short function: _____
- Motor
- Cranial nerves
- Oblique
- Cranial/Posterior
- Eye movement
IV Trochelar
- The trochlea is a pulley like loop through which the tendon of the _______ muscle passes
- The superior oblique moves the eyeball ______ and ______
- Superior oblique
2. Inferiorly/laterally
IV-Trochlear
- Following a moving object with the eyes assesses cranial nerves ______, ____, and _______ since all three innervate extrinsic muscles of the eye
- III/IV/VI
V-Trigeminal
Mixed
- _____ of the cranial nerves
- Emerges from ______ isolated from other cranial nerves
- Provides sensory neurons to ______, ______, and _______
- Motor neurons control ______ movements
- Short function: ______, _______
- Largest
- Pons
- Face/Head/Anterior 2/3 tongue
- Chewing
- Mastication/facia sensation
V- Trigeminal
The trigeminal has two roots:
- Smaller motor root supplying the muscles of _______
- Larger ______ root, which has three branches: ______, ______, _______
- Mastication
2. Sensory/Ophthalmic nerve/Maxillary nerve/Mandibular nerve
V-Trigeminal
- Maxillary nerve anesthesia is a local _______ technique used by _____ and _____
- Anesthetic/Dentist/Physicians
V- Trigemninal
- An assessment of ______ function is to have the patient _____ down while feeling the _______ muscle, then to have the patient attempt open their _____ against resistance applied by the examiner
- Motor/Bite/Masseter/Mouth
V-Trigeminal
- An assessment of ______ function is to have the patient close their _____, then the examiner touches the face with different objects and the patient describes the type of sensation as _____, ______, ______, the degree of _______, and where is is on the _____
- Sensory/Eyes/Sharp/Dull/Soft/pressure/face
VI- Abducens
- Mainly _____
- Innervates ______ muscle of the _____
- Nerve is also called the _____
- Short function: _____
- Motor
- Lateral rectus/Eye
- Abducent
- Eye movement