Test 3 Cardiac and Vascular Shi

Question 1

How to identify 1st degree heart block?

Answer 1

PR interval > 0.20

Question 2

How to classify 2nd degree type 1 heart block (Wenkebach)?

Answer 2

Progressive PR lengthening until QRS drops
May cause dizziness

Question 3

What can indicate 3rd degree heart block?

Answer 3

No association between P waves and QRS complex
Requires pacemaker

Question 4

How to classify stage 2 type 2 heart block?

Answer 4

PR constant but then drops Unexpectedly

Question 5

How to identify a paced rhythm?

Answer 5

spikes before p wave or QRS

Question 6

What are the lethal rhythms?

Answer 6

VTACH
VFIB

Question 7

Can Vtach be shocked?

Answer 7

If pulseless, regular defribilition
If there’s a pulse, cardioversion

Question 8

Does VFIB have a pulse?

Answer 8

NO
Needs to be defibrilated

Question 9

Can you shock asystole?

Answer 9

NO
Use epinephrine
Atropine
CPR

Question 10

Can you shock pulseless electrical activity?

Answer 10

NOOO
Initiate CPR and epi

Question 11

What does pulseless electrical activty look like?

Answer 11

Looks like normal sinus rhythm but has no pulse and not responsive
Conduction is there but there’s no bloodflow

Question 12

How do you treat AFIB?

Answer 12

Rate control
Anticoagulation
CARDIOVERSION

Question 13

How to you treat A Flutter?

Answer 13

Rate control
Anticoagulation
Cardioversion

Question 14

What makes A flutter stand out?

Answer 14

Sawtooth

Question 15

What are some potential complications arrhythmias?

Answer 15

Cardiac Arrest
Heart Failure
Thromolic events, especially a flutter

Question 16

Clinical Manifestations of peripheral artery disease?

Answer 16

Intermittent Claudication (leg pain or cramping that occurs during exercise and subsides with rest)
Rest pain
Diminished Pulses
Non healing ulcers

Question 17

How do we treat PAD?

Answer 17

Meds: Statins, antihypertensives
Procedures: Angioplasty or bypass surgery
Nurse care: Educate on foot care, promote exercise
Keep lower extremities in a neutral or dependent position

Question 18

What is acute ischemic arterial disorder?

Answer 18

Sudden interruption of arterial blood flow
Leads to ischemia and potential necrosis

Question 19

How do we treat acute ischemic arterial disorder?

Answer 19

Immediately asses affected limb for 6 P’s: Pain, pallow, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, poikilothermia

Revascularization: Thrombolysis, thrombectomy, bypass surgery
Anticoagulation therapy: Heparin
Pain management

Question 20

What are vericose veins?

Answer 20

Dilated, darkened, raised, tortuous veins engorged w/ blood which results from improper venous valve function

Question 21

How do we treat vericose veins?

Answer 21

Apply compression stockings
Encourage frequent ambulation to promote venous return and reduce venous stasis
Encourage leg elevation

Question 22

What’s chronic venous insufficiency?

Answer 22

Long term condition
Veins in legs fail to return blood to heart due to damaged valves

Question 23

Manifestations of chronic venous insufficiency

Answer 23

Persistent lower leg edema that gets worse w standing
Brownish skin discoloration

Question 24

How would we treat chronic venous insufficieny?

Answer 24

Compression therapy
Leg elevation

Question 25

Venous leg ulcer signs

Answer 25

Shallow irregulat shaped ulcers mostly in inner ankle surrounding brownish discoloration Moderate to heavy drainage Edema and aching pain

Question 26

How do we treat venous leg ulcers?

Answer 26

Wound care

Question 27

True or False: AFIB causes a more increased risk of pulmonary embolism?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Mnemonic for CVI/ peripheral venous disease

Answer 28

V- Volumptious pulses (warm legs) E- edema I- Irregularly shaped sores N- No sharp pain Y- Yellow and brown ankles

Question 29

Mnemonic for PAD

Answer 29

A- Absent pulse (absent hair) cold legs R- Round, red, smooth sores T- Toes and feet pale or black S- Sharp Calf Pain (intermittent claudication)

Question 30

Types of varicose veins

Answer 30

Primary: Originate in superficial veins Secondary: Occur in deep and perforating veins Spider: Mild variation of varicose veins that are common in legs and face