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testing Flashcards

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1
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Group of disorders characterized by inflammation & irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose

Types include viral, allergic, bacterial, and structural rhinitis.

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2
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of rhinitis?

A
  • Rhinorrhea (excessive nasal drainage)
  • Nasal congestion
  • Nasal discharge (purulent with bacterial rhinitis)
  • Sneezing
  • Pruritus of the nose, roof of the mouth, throat, eyes, & ears
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3
Q

What is a key aspect of nursing management for rhinitis?

A

Education on Allergen Avoidance: Limit exposure to allergens (dust, mold, smoke, etc.)

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4
Q

What should be emphasized in nursing management for viral rhinitis?

A

Hand hygiene is the most effective way to prevent viral spread.

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5
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of viral rhinitis (common cold)?

A
  • Low-grade fever
  • Nasal congestion
  • Rhinorrhea & nasal discharge (clear to white)
  • Halitosis
  • Sneezing
  • Tearing watery eyes
  • Sore throat
  • General malaise
  • Chills
  • Headache & muscle aches
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6
Q

What is the first-line treatment for acute rhinosinusitis?

A

Antibiotics are prescribed if symptoms persist ≥10 days or worsen, with amoxicillin or amoxicillin–clavulanic acid as first-line.

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7
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of acute rhinosinusitis?

A
  • Purulent nasal drainage
  • Nasal obstruction
  • Facial pain or pressure
  • Cloudy or colored nasal discharge
  • High fever (≥39°C/102°F) in bacterial cases
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8
Q

What are the complications of untreated acute rhinosinusitis?

A
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Mucocele
  • Orbital cellulitis
  • Intracranial infections (e.g., cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis)
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9
Q

What nursing management should be provided for chronic rhinosinusitis?

A
  • Emphasize adherence to prescribed medication regimens
  • Teach saline irrigation technique
  • Encourage avoidance of environmental triggers
  • Educate on signs of worsening disease
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10
Q

What is the definition of pharyngitis?

A

Sudden painful inflammation of the pharynx, commonly referred to as a sore throat.

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11
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of acute pharyngitis?

A
  • Fiery-red pharyngeal membrane
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Swollen lymphoid follicles
  • Enlarged tender cervical lymph nodes
  • Fever
  • Malaise
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12
Q

What is the first-line treatment for bacterial pharyngitis?

A

Penicillin V potassium for 10 days.

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13
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of chronic pharyngitis?

A
  • Constant throat irritation or fullness
  • Mucus accumulation
  • Intermittent postnasal drip
  • Sore throat worsening with swallowing
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14
Q

What are common nursing management strategies for tonsillitis?

A
  • Monitor airway & breathing
  • Assess for airway obstruction
  • Post-op care for tonsillectomy
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15
Q

What is a peritonsillar abscess?

A

A collection of pus between the tonsillar capsule & surrounding tissues, typically a complication of tonsillitis.

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16
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of laryngitis?

A
  • Hoarseness or aphonia
  • Severe cough
  • Sore, dry throat
  • Edematous uvula if allergies are involved
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17
Q

What is the nursing management for upper respiratory infections?

A
  • Airway management
  • Pain management
  • Ice collar to reduce inflammation & bleeding
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18
Q

What are potential complications of upper respiratory infections?

A
  • Airway obstruction
  • Hemorrhage
  • Sepsis
  • Meningitis
  • Brain abscess
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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The clinical manifestations of rhinosinusitis include purulent nasal drainage, nasal obstruction, facial pain, and _______.

A

high fever (≥39°C/102°F) in bacterial cases.

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20
Q

True or False: Antibiotics are effective against viral infections.

A

False

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21
Q

What are common symptoms associated with upper respiratory infections (URI)?

Study These Flashcards
A

Low-grade fever, malaise & fatigue, headache & sinus pressure, hoarseness, mild body aches, generalized discomfort

Symptoms may vary based on the specific infection and individual health conditions.

22
Q

List potential complications of upper respiratory infections.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Airway obstruction
  • Hemorrhage
  • Sepsis
  • Meningitis or brain abscess
  • Nuchal rigidity
  • Medicamentosa
  • Acute otitis media
  • Trismus
  • Dysphagia
  • Aphonia
  • Cellulitis

Complications can arise from both viral and bacterial infections.

23
Q

What are key nursing management strategies for upper respiratory infections?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Airway management
  • Elevate head of bed
  • Pain management
  • Ice collar to reduce inflammation & bleeding
  • Hot packs to reduce congestion
  • Analgesics for pain
  • Topical anesthetics
  • Gargles for sore throat
  • Effective communication strategy
  • Normal hydration
  • Encourage liquids & steam inhalation

These strategies aim to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.

24
Q

What preventive measures should be emphasized to patients with upper respiratory infections?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Frequent handwashing
  • Knowing when to contact healthcare provider
  • Completing antibiotic regimen
  • Annual influenza vaccine for at-risk individuals

Education on prevention helps reduce the risk of further complications.

25
Identify the primary risk factors for head and neck cancer.
* Tobacco use * Excessive alcohol consumption * Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection * Prolonged exposure to industrial carcinogens * Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) * Prolonged sun exposure * Poor oral hygiene * Diet low in fruits & vegetables * Genetic predisposition * Previous radiation therapy ## Footnote These factors can significantly increase the risk of developing head and neck cancers.
26
What are common clinical manifestations of head and neck cancer?
* Persistent hoarseness * Non-healing ulcers or white/red patches * Sore throat or dysphagia * Ear pain or otalgia * Lump or mass in the neck * Unexplained weight loss * Cough or hemoptysis * Persistent nasal congestion * Numbness or weakness in the face * Foul breath ## Footnote These symptoms may vary depending on the specific type and stage of cancer.
27
Differentiate between acute bronchitis and pertussis.
Acute bronchitis: Inflammation of the trachea, usually post-viral. Pertussis: Highly contagious bacterial infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. ## Footnote Each condition has distinct management strategies and clinical manifestations.
28
What are the clinical manifestations of acute bronchitis?
* Persistent cough * Mucopurulent sputum * Substernal chest pain * Fever, chills, night sweats * Wheezing or stridor in severe cases ## Footnote Symptoms can last from 10 to 20 days.
29
List the types of pneumonia classifications.
* Community Acquired Pneumonia * Health Care-Associated Pneumonia * Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia * Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia ## Footnote Each classification has different etiologies and risk factors.
30
What are the common bacteria causing community-acquired pneumonia?
* Streptococcus pneumoniae * Haemophilus influenzae * Mycoplasma pneumoniae * Chlamydia pneumoniae * Legionella pneumophila ## Footnote These pathogens are responsible for the majority of cases.
31
What are the symptoms of bacterial pneumonia?
* Sudden fever * Chills * Productive cough with purulent sputum * Pleuritic chest pain ## Footnote Symptoms may vary based on the individual and specific bacteria involved.
32
What diagnostic studies are used for pneumonia?
* Chest X-ray * Sputum Culture & Gram Stain * Blood Cultures * CBC * ABGs * Pulse Oximetry * Bronchoscopy ## Footnote These studies help determine the causative agent and severity of pneumonia.
33
Describe the clinical manifestations of tuberculosis.
* Low-grade fever * Cough (nonproductive or mucopurulent) * Night sweats * Fatigue * Weight loss * Hemoptysis ## Footnote Symptoms may be atypical in older adults.
34
What are the key components of nursing management for tuberculosis?
* Promoting airway clearance * Advocating adherence to treatment regimen * Promoting activity & nutrition * Preventing transmission ## Footnote Isolation precautions are critical to prevent spread.
35
What characterizes an acute asthma exacerbation?
* Sudden worsening of symptoms * Increased SOB, wheezing, coughing * Typically responds to quick-relief medications ## Footnote Symptoms generally improve with prompt treatment.
36
What distinguishes status asthmaticus from an acute asthma exacerbation?
A life-threatening condition that does not respond to initial treatment with SABAs, leading to severe respiratory distress ## Footnote Requires emergency medical intervention.
37
What are the clinical manifestations of COPD?
* Chronic productive cough * Increased mucus production * Recurrent airway inflammation ## Footnote Symptoms can vary between chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
38
What is a clinical manifestation of silent chest?
Absence of wheezing due to minimal airflow ## Footnote Silent chest indicates severe airflow limitation and requires immediate attention.
39
What are the clinical manifestations of Chronic Bronchitis?
Recurrent airway inflammation, increased mucus production, expiratory obstruction, chronic productive cough, sputum production for > 3 months, overweight, cyanosis, peripheral edema, rhonchi, wheezing ## Footnote Patients with Chronic Bronchitis are often referred to as 'Blue Bloaters'.
40
What are the clinical manifestations of Emphysema?
Damaged and enlarged alveoli, loss of lung elasticity, barrel chest, thin appearance, shortness of breath, severe dyspnea ## Footnote Patients with Emphysema are often referred to as 'Pink Puffers'.
41
What are potential complications of COPD?
Respiratory insufficiency and failure, pneumonia, chronic atelectasis, pneumothorax, cor pulmonale ## Footnote These complications can significantly impact patient health and require careful management.
42
What is a key aspect of nursing management for COPD patients?
Assessing the patient: obtain history, review diagnostic tests ## Footnote Comprehensive assessment helps tailor individual management plans.
43
What is one goal of nursing management for COPD patients?
Achieving airway clearance ## Footnote Airway clearance is essential to improve ventilation and oxygenation.
44
Fill in the blank: COPD patients often require _______ therapy for exacerbations.
supplemental O2 therapy ## Footnote Oxygen therapy can alleviate hypoxemia during exacerbations.
45
What pharmacologic therapies are used in COPD management?
Bronchodilators, MDIs, beta-adrenergic agonists, muscarinic antagonists, combination agents, corticosteroids, antibiotics, mucolytics, antitussives ## Footnote These medications help relieve symptoms and improve lung function.
46
What surgical management options are available for COPD?
Bullectomy, lung volume reduction, lung transplant ## Footnote Surgical options are considered in advanced cases to improve quality of life.
47
What should be promoted to reduce COPD risk factors?
Smoking cessation ## Footnote Smoking is a major risk factor for COPD progression.
48
What vaccines are recommended for COPD patients?
Pneumococcal and Influenza vaccines ## Footnote Vaccination helps prevent respiratory infections that could exacerbate COPD.
49
What is the role of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD management?
Improve physical functioning and quality of life ## Footnote Pulmonary rehabilitation includes exercise training, education, and support.
50
True or False: Patients with COPD may experience cyanosis.
True ## Footnote Cyanosis indicates hypoxemia and is a common clinical sign in COPD.
51
What does 'Blue Bloaters' refer to in the context of COPD?
Patients with Chronic Bronchitis ## Footnote This term reflects their appearance and symptoms.
52
What does 'Pink Puffers' refer to in the context of COPD?
Patients with Emphysema ## Footnote This term highlights their thin appearance and breathing pattern.

Med Surge 1 (12 decks)

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