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Human Anatomy > Test 3- Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Test 3- Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Largest portion of the brain

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

Divided into right and left hemispheres by the longitudinal fissure

A

Cerebrum

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3
Q

Interprets sensory info

A

Cerebrum

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4
Q

Bumps of the brain

A

Gyri

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5
Q

Grooves of the brain

A

Sulci

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6
Q

Outer shell of gray matter that covers each hemisphere

A

Cerebral cortex

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7
Q

Four lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

Occipital
Temporal
Parietal
Frontal

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8
Q

Site of primary motor are, which initiates nerve impulses that control voluntary muscle fibers

A

Frontal Lobe

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9
Q

Anterior to the central sulcus and serves as the primary motor cortex

A

Pre central gyrus

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10
Q

Site of primary sensory area including cutaneous sensory area, which interprets touch, pressure, pain, and information from various sensory organs

A

Parietal Lobe

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11
Q

What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

A

Central sulcus

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12
Q

Posterior to the central sulcus and serves as the primary sensory cortex

A

Postcentral gyrus

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13
Q

Map showing portion of motor cortex devoted to each body region

A

Motor Homunculus

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14
Q

Map showing the amount of sensory cortex devoted to each body region

A

Sensory Homunculus

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15
Q

Primary auditory area and site of memory for visual images, music, ect

A

Temporal lobes

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16
Q

Separates the temporal lobe from parietal lobe

A

Lateral Sulcus

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17
Q

Deep to lateral sulcus and contains sensory cortex for taste and visceral sensations

A

Insula

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18
Q

The term referring to how sensory and motor information is controlled by opposite sides as a result of decussation of fibers

A

Contralateral

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19
Q

Where is information received through?

A

corpus callosum

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20
Q

Typically, the dominant hemisphere. Controls language and analytical ability

A

Left Hemisphere

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21
Q

Controls visuospatial and pattern recognition

A

Right Hemisphere

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22
Q

Coordinates complex fine-motor functions involved in speech (tongue, lips, ect.)

A

Broca’s Area

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23
Q

Responsible for ability to comprehend language and formulate words

A

Wernicke’s Area

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24
Q

When speech is poorly articulated and the individual might have difficulty responding to questions while yet understanding what is being spoken

A

Broca’s Aphasia

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25
Q

When an individual can speak easily using real and made-up words, but cannot understand spoken or written language

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

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26
Q

Cavities within the brain

A

Ventricles

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27
Q

Ventricles separated by septum pellucidum

A

2 lateral ventricles

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28
Q

Ventricle between the right and left thalamus

A

3rd

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29
Q

Ventricle between pons and cerebellum

A

4th

30
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid production in the choroid plexuses

A

Function of ventricles

31
Q

Specialized masses of capillaries

A

Choroid plexuses

32
Q

Clear tissue fluid that protects and buoys the brain and spinal cord

A

CSF

33
Q

Supplies brain and spinal cord with nutrients collected fro blood and collects waste

A

CSF

34
Q

How often is the entire volume of CSF replaced?

A

4x per day

35
Q

How does CSF get from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle?

A

Interventricuar foramen

36
Q

How does CSF get from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th?

A

cerebral aqueduct

37
Q

Inferior to temporal and occipital lobes

A

Cerebellum

38
Q

Receives impulses from the inner ear and sends impulses to the muscles to retain poster– coordinates skeletal muscle action

A

Cerebellum

39
Q

What does damage to the cerebellum result in?

A

Ataxia- uncoordinated movement

40
Q

What connects the cerebellum

A

Vermis

41
Q

Internal white matter in the cerebellum

A

Arbor vitae “tree of life”

42
Q

Relay center for all incoming impulses, which it sends to the proper area of the cerebrum

A

Thalamus

43
Q

Inferior to the thalamus and regulates thirst, hunger, body temp, BP, circadian rhythm

A

Hypothalamus

44
Q

Regulates autonomic nervous system (visceral motor division)

A

Hypothalamus

45
Q

Secretes melatonin

A

Epithalamus

46
Q

Contains tracts to and from the cerebrum

A

Midbrain

47
Q

Serves as the reflex center for vision and hearing

A

Midbrain

48
Q

Point where fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain

A

Decussation of the pyramids

49
Q

Connects cerebellum to the rest of brain and contains respiratory center

A

Pons

50
Q

Connects with the spinal cord and contains vital centers for heart, BP and breathing

A

Medulla oblongata

51
Q

Center of reflex arcs that relays sensory impulses from PNS to brain, as well as relays motor impulses from brain to muscles

A

Spinal Cord

52
Q

Extends from foramen magnum to L1

A

Spinal cord

53
Q

Carries information from the receptors to the brain to be interpreted

A

Ascending tracts of the spinal cord

54
Q

Carries impulses/directions from the brain to the effectors

A

Descending tracts of the spinal cord

55
Q

Where sensory neurons enter the spinal cord

A

Dorsal root

56
Q

Contains sensory neuron cell bodies

A

Dorsal root ganglion

57
Q

Where motor neurons exit the spinal cord

A

Ventral root

58
Q

Tapering terminal end of the spinal cord at L1 or L2

A

Conus medullaris

59
Q

The “tail” of the pia mater

A

Forum terminale (tail bone)

60
Q

Nerve rootlets extending from inferior end of spinal cord

A

Cauda equina “horse’s tail”

61
Q

What are the 3 meninges that are protective CT surrounding the CNS

A

Dura mater- tough, outer
Arachnoid- weblike
Pia mater- thin, adhered to brain

62
Q

Superficial to dep spaces associated with the meninges

A 
epidural space
dura mater
subdural space
arachnoid
subarachnoid space (CSF)
Pia mater
63
Q

Inflammation of the mininges

A

Meningitis

64
Q

Excessive CSF in ventricles and/or subarachnoid space

A

Hydrocephalus

65
Q

Caused by tumor swelling that closes off the cerebral aqueduct of IV ventricle, meningitis, or an overdeveloped choroid plexus

A

Hydrocephalus

66
Q

Leads to deterioration of the brain and symptoms include confusion and memory loss

A

Alzheimer’s

67
Q

Loss of function of the lower limbs resulting from damage between T2 and L1

A

Paraplegia

68
Q

Loss of function of all four limbs as well as respiratory function

A

Quadriplegia

69
Q

Results from damage superior to the midneck

A

Quadriplegia

70
Q

Due to burst or torn vessels

A

Hemmorhagic stroke

71
Q

Stroke due to a blood clot blocking blood flow to an area, which causes tissues to die

A

Ischemic stroke

72
Q

Causes the patient to be unable to distinguish reality

A

Schizophrenia

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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