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Human Anatomy > Test 3- Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Test 3- Muscle Tissue Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Striated and voluntary

A

Skeletal tissue

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2
Q

Striated and involuntary

A

Cardiac tissue

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3
Q

Non-striated and involuntary

A

Smooth tissue

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4
Q

the ability of a muscle to shorten

A

Contractility

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5
Q

The ability of a muscle to respond to a stimulus

A

Excitability

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6
Q

One motor neuron and the muscle fiber that it innervates

A

Motor unit

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7
Q

Individual muscle fibers contract as hard as they can or there is no contraction

A

All or None Law

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8
Q

The ability of a muscle to be stretched

A

Extensibility

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9
Q

The ability of a muscle to return to its resting length

A

Elasticity

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10
Q

What are the functions of muscle tissue

A

movement
opening/closing passageways
maintaining posture
heat generation

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11
Q

connective tissue that surrounds the muscle

A

Epimysium

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12
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

A

Perimysium

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13
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds each individual fiber

A

Endomysium

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14
Q

The attachment of the muscle on the less movable bone

A

Origin

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15
Q

The attachment of the muscle on the movable bone

A

Insertion

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16
Q

Bundles of thick and thin filaments that serve as the contractile elements of muscle fiber

A

Myofibrils

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17
Q

Thick filaments in myofibrils

A

Myosin

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18
Q

Thin filaments in myofibrils

A

Actin

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19
Q

Boundaries at each end of a sarcomere

A

Z Lines

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20
Q

Myofilaments attached to the Z lines

A

Thin filaments/ Actin

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21
Q

Myofilaments in the center of the sarcomeres and the ends have myosin heads

A

Thick filaments/ Myosin

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22
Q

Springlike molecule that resists overstretching

A

Titin

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23
Q

Dark bands from the presence of thick filaments

A

A bands

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24
Q

Central part of the A bands where there are no thin filaments present

A

H zone

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25
Contains rods that hold the thick filaments together
M line
26
Light bands because they contain only thin filaments
I bands
27
What is the main protein component of thick filaments?
Myosin
28
What is on the myosin heads?
Actin Binding sight | ATP Binding sight
29
Contractile protein
Actin
30
What are the regulatory proteins
Tropomyosin | Troponin
31
Lies alongside the groove of actin and covers myosin binding sites
Tropomyosin
32
What 3 units make up troponin
Binds to tropomyosin Binds to actin Binds to Ca2+
33
Muscle contracts, but does not shorten
Isometric contraction
34
Muscle shortens and does work
Concentric contraction
35
Muscle generates force as it lengthens
Eccentric contraction
36
Muscle contraction that acts as a brake as you run down hill or land from a jump
Eccentric contraction
37
What chemicals are needed for contraction
ATP Calcium O2 Acetylcholine
38
Allows coin and myosin to slide over each other
Calcium
39
Allows for cellular respiration for ATP production
O2
40
Space between the neuron and muscular fiber at the neuromuscular junction
Cleft
41
Stimulus from this neurotransmitter causes calcium to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Acetylcholine
42
Sliding filament mechanism of contraction
All sarcomeres throughout muscle fiber's length shorten simultaneously Contraction is accomplished by thin filaments from opposite side of each sarcomere sliding closer together between thick filaments
43
First step of Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Troponin molecules hold the actin and myosin in place (muscle is relaxed)
44
Second step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
A nerve impulse (action potential) travels down a motor neuron to the muscle causing the release of acetylcholine into the space between the neuron and the muscle fiber
45
Third Step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Acetylcholine stimulated receptors on the muscle fiber, which initiates an impulse that travels along the sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane) to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
46
Fourth step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm
47
Fifth step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Calcium binds with troponin on the actin
48
Sixth step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Binding causes tropomyosin to change shape, moving it away from blocking position- undercover binding sites on actin for myosin cross bridges
49
Seventh step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Myosin cross bridges attach to actin on the exposed binding sites
50
Eighth step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Binding causes cross bridge to bend, resulting in a power stroke fueled by ATP
51
Ninth step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Cross bridge unbinds, if calcium is still present, returns to step 7
52
Tenth step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Contraction stops
53
If the oxygen cannot be supplied fast enough, the individual suffers from shortness of breath
Oxygen debt
54
Muscle that does most of the work
Prime mover
55
Assisting muscles
Synergists
56
Muscle working in the opposite direction
Antagonists
57
How do you increase the strength of a muscle contraction?
Increase the amount of muscle fibers contracting or Each muscle fiber contracts more often
58
Maximal sustained contraction
Tetany
59
The tension of muscle adding up until a maximal contraction is sustained
summation
60
Unexplained chronic muscle pain
Fibromyalgia
61
Inherited disease characterized by progressive deterioration of muscle tissue
Muscular dystrophy
62
Results in atrophy of the affected muscle and muscle fibers are replaced by fibrous connective and fatty tissue
Muscular dystrophy
63
Poisoning caused be eaten contaminated food where bacteria in food produces a neurotoxin
Botulism
64
Symptoms include drooping eyes, double vision, dry mouth and difficulty swallowing
Botulism
65
Neurodegenerative disease affecting various motor neurons
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
66
Loss of function leads to muscle weakness, atrophy, and spastic paralysis
ALS
67
Autoimmune disease in which antibodies are produced that attach to the acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma, thus blocking or reducing the stimulatory effect of the neurotransmitter
Myasthenia gravis
68
Sudden involuntary contractions of muscle or groups of muscles
Spasms
69
Involuntary painful, sustained contractions of a muscle
Cramps
70
Disease caused by bacteria commonly found in soil that affects motor neurons in the spinal cord, resulting in continuous stimulation and contraction of muscles
Tetanus

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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