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Human Anatomy > Test 3- Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Test 3- Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Striated and voluntary

A

Skeletal tissue

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2
Q

Striated and involuntary

A

Cardiac tissue

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3
Q

Non-striated and involuntary

A

Smooth tissue

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4
Q

the ability of a muscle to shorten

A

Contractility

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5
Q

The ability of a muscle to respond to a stimulus

A

Excitability

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6
Q

One motor neuron and the muscle fiber that it innervates

A

Motor unit

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7
Q

Individual muscle fibers contract as hard as they can or there is no contraction

A

All or None Law

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8
Q

The ability of a muscle to be stretched

A

Extensibility

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9
Q

The ability of a muscle to return to its resting length

A

Elasticity

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10
Q

What are the functions of muscle tissue

A

movement
opening/closing passageways
maintaining posture
heat generation

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11
Q

connective tissue that surrounds the muscle

A

Epimysium

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12
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

A

Perimysium

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13
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds each individual fiber

A

Endomysium

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14
Q

The attachment of the muscle on the less movable bone

A

Origin

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15
Q

The attachment of the muscle on the movable bone

A

Insertion

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16
Q

Bundles of thick and thin filaments that serve as the contractile elements of muscle fiber

A

Myofibrils

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17
Q

Thick filaments in myofibrils

A

Myosin

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18
Q

Thin filaments in myofibrils

A

Actin

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19
Q

Boundaries at each end of a sarcomere

A

Z Lines

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20
Q

Myofilaments attached to the Z lines

A

Thin filaments/ Actin

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21
Q

Myofilaments in the center of the sarcomeres and the ends have myosin heads

A

Thick filaments/ Myosin

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22
Q

Springlike molecule that resists overstretching

A

Titin

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23
Q

Dark bands from the presence of thick filaments

A

A bands

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24
Q

Central part of the A bands where there are no thin filaments present

A

H zone

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25
Q

Contains rods that hold the thick filaments together

A

M line

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26
Q

Light bands because they contain only thin filaments

A

I bands

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27
Q

What is the main protein component of thick filaments?

A

Myosin

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28
Q

What is on the myosin heads?

A

Actin Binding sight

ATP Binding sight

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29
Q

Contractile protein

A

Actin

30
Q

What are the regulatory proteins

A

Tropomyosin

Troponin

31
Q

Lies alongside the groove of actin and covers myosin binding sites

A

Tropomyosin

32
Q

What 3 units make up troponin

A

Binds to tropomyosin
Binds to actin
Binds to Ca2+

33
Q

Muscle contracts, but does not shorten

A

Isometric contraction

34
Q

Muscle shortens and does work

A

Concentric contraction

35
Q

Muscle generates force as it lengthens

A

Eccentric contraction

36
Q

Muscle contraction that acts as a brake as you run down hill or land from a jump

A

Eccentric contraction

37
Q

What chemicals are needed for contraction

A

ATP
Calcium
O2
Acetylcholine

38
Q

Allows coin and myosin to slide over each other

A

Calcium

39
Q

Allows for cellular respiration for ATP production

A

O2

40
Q

Space between the neuron and muscular fiber at the neuromuscular junction

A

Cleft

41
Q

Stimulus from this neurotransmitter causes calcium to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Acetylcholine

42
Q

Sliding filament mechanism of contraction

A

All sarcomeres throughout muscle fiber’s length shorten simultaneously

Contraction is accomplished by thin filaments from opposite side of each sarcomere sliding closer together between thick filaments

43
Q

First step of Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

A

Troponin molecules hold the actin and myosin in place (muscle is relaxed)

44
Q

Second step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

A

A nerve impulse (action potential) travels down a motor neuron to the muscle causing the release of acetylcholine into the space between the neuron and the muscle fiber

45
Q

Third Step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

A

Acetylcholine stimulated receptors on the muscle fiber, which initiates an impulse that travels along the sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane) to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

46
Q

Fourth step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

A

Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm

47
Q

Fifth step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

A

Calcium binds with troponin on the actin

48
Q

Sixth step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

A

Binding causes tropomyosin to change shape, moving it away from blocking position- undercover binding sites on actin for myosin cross bridges

49
Q

Seventh step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

A

Myosin cross bridges attach to actin on the exposed binding sites

50
Q

Eighth step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

A

Binding causes cross bridge to bend, resulting in a power stroke fueled by ATP

51
Q

Ninth step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

A

Cross bridge unbinds, if calcium is still present, returns to step 7

52
Q

Tenth step of sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

A

Contraction stops

53
Q

If the oxygen cannot be supplied fast enough, the individual suffers from shortness of breath

A

Oxygen debt

54
Q

Muscle that does most of the work

A

Prime mover

55
Q

Assisting muscles

A

Synergists

56
Q

Muscle working in the opposite direction

A

Antagonists

57
Q

How do you increase the strength of a muscle contraction?

A

Increase the amount of muscle fibers contracting
or
Each muscle fiber contracts more often

58
Q

Maximal sustained contraction

A

Tetany

59
Q

The tension of muscle adding up until a maximal contraction is sustained

A

summation

60
Q

Unexplained chronic muscle pain

A

Fibromyalgia

61
Q

Inherited disease characterized by progressive deterioration of muscle tissue

A

Muscular dystrophy

62
Q

Results in atrophy of the affected muscle and muscle fibers are replaced by fibrous connective and fatty tissue

A

Muscular dystrophy

63
Q

Poisoning caused be eaten contaminated food where bacteria in food produces a neurotoxin

A

Botulism

64
Q

Symptoms include drooping eyes, double vision, dry mouth and difficulty swallowing

A

Botulism

65
Q

Neurodegenerative disease affecting various motor neurons

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

66
Q

Loss of function leads to muscle weakness, atrophy, and spastic paralysis

A

ALS

67
Q

Autoimmune disease in which antibodies are produced that attach to the acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma, thus blocking or reducing the stimulatory effect of the neurotransmitter

A

Myasthenia gravis

68
Q

Sudden involuntary contractions of muscle or groups of muscles

A

Spasms

69
Q

Involuntary painful, sustained contractions of a muscle

A

Cramps

70
Q

Disease caused by bacteria commonly found in soil that affects motor neurons in the spinal cord, resulting in continuous stimulation and contraction of muscles

A

Tetanus

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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