Test 3 (Ch. 7, 8, 9, 10)

Question 1

Edict of Milan

Answer 1

Officially tolerated Christianity in the Late Roman Empire. Was put into place by Constantine after his conversion to Christianity. Allows all people to worship religion of any faith.

Question 2

Council of Nicaea

Answer 2

1st ecumenical council of church; called on by Constantine; discussed beliefs of the Church; creates 1st uniformed Christian doctrine; ruled against Arianism as being heresy; ruled that Jesus is of the substance as God.

Question 3

Arianism

Answer 3

Ome of the major heresies fo the fourth century; created by the followers of Arius (priest from Alexandria in Egypt); stated that Jesus was human and thus not truly God; was condemned by the Christian church and Constantine; Did not believe in the Trinity (only believed in the Son, not 3-in-1)

Question 4

St. Benedict

Answer 4

He established the fundamental form of monastic life in the western Christian church; wrote rules on how monks should go about daily routine; made monk life communal as all monks ate, prayed, worked, and slept together;

Question 5

Hagia Sophia

Answer 5

Justinian’s greatest achievement; consists of four large pilars crowned by a giant dome with enough windows to make it look like it’s “floating”, or a part of heaven; situated in Constantinople; also known as the Church of the Holy Wisdom.

Question 6

Missi Dominici

Answer 6

Charlamagne’s policy of checking on counts to make sure they were executing the king’s wishes. It consisted of 2 men, one lay lord and the other a church official; they were messengers.

Question 7

Carolingian Minuscule

Answer 7

Writing style that resembled hand printing rather than cursive writing; was easier to read than Merovingian script.

Question 8

Alcuin

Answer 8

Known as the greatest scholar of Charlamagne’s time; from the famous school at York; Charlamagne’s adviser on ecclesiastical affairs; provided leadership for the palace school; adopted the seven liberal arts which became the basis for later medieval education; Developed academic curriculum with Charlamagne.

Question 9

Vikings

Answer 9

From Scandinavia; Germanic people who were the final wave of Germanic migration; Warriors; Master shipbuilders and sailors; Daring explorers who loved adventure;

Question 10

Fief

Answer 10

The land or some other type of income that was granted to a vassal from a lord in return for military service.

Question 11

Pentecost

Answer 11

Christian holiday/feast that celebrates the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus’s disciples fifty days after his resurrection.

Question 12

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Answer 12

Wife to King Louis VII of France until annulled bc she couldn’t bear children; went on a crusade with him; Then married to King Henry II of England; took active role in politics; imprisoned by husband for leading sons to revolt against him.

Question 13

Chivalry

Answer 13

Code of ethics for knights; civilized behavior

Question 14

Guilds

Answer 14

Directed almost all aspects of a certain trade. Set standards for items being produced and fixed prices for which they could be sold. Pretty much an early union.

Question 15

Abelard and Heloise

Answer 15

One was a teacher, the other a student, who had a relationship together, had a child, and secretly married. As a punishment, the teacher had his junk cut off one night while he was sleeping.

Question 16

Summa Theologica

Answer 16

Written by Thomas Aquinas; organized according to the dialectical method of the scholastics. He would first pose a question, then cited sources that offered opposing opinions on the question, and finally resolved the issue by arriving at his own conclusions. He raised and discussed some 600 articles or issues.

Question 17

Doomsday Book

Answer 17

Commissioned by William I after he overtook control of England; this held all accounts of the English land: who owned land, and how much it was worth.

Question 18

Hildegard of Bingin

Answer 18

One of most distinguished nuns of the middle ages; Became an abbess of a monastery and wrote 3 bigs detailing her divine visions of blinding lights from heaven; became a notable composer of “plainsong” hymns during a time when music was largely set aside for only men.

Question 19

Saint Francis

Answer 19

Preached about living a life of poverty and begging for food; developed the Franciscans.

Question 20

Indulgences

Answer 20

Were attached to relics; viewing relics gave you indulgences which lessened the amount of time one must spend in purgatory.