Test 3: Chronic Pain

Question 1

What are the two types of pain?

Answer 1

Acute and chronic

Question 2

Acute pain is caused by an _________________process,
and usually can be treated directly if not ending with the
healing of the injury itself

Answer 2

Nociceptive (sensory nerve)

Question 3

Chronic pain is defined as any pain lasting ___ months or more. The pain is more complex and can be difficult to determine the cause

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Pain that arises in the nervous system is called?

Answer 4

Neurogenic

Question 5

Pain that has an unknown cause is called?

Answer 5

Idiopathic

Question 6

Chronic pain is often _____, and worsens with time

Answer 6

Progressive

Question 7

What are the two types of chronic pain?

Answer 7

Neurogenic and idiopathic

Question 8

Chronic pain has a _______________ factor, making management more difficult

Answer 8

Psychological

Question 9

With chronic pain, it is hard to find ________________ cause, making treatment
complicated

Answer 9

Physiological

Question 10

Treatment of chronic pain should be ______

Answer 10

interdisciplinary

Question 11

Chronic pain is often ________________________, rather than a symptom of the disease

Answer 11

The disease itself

Question 12

Pain’s estimated cost of medical care is ______ per

year!!! • More then cost of heart disease, diabetes, cancer combined!!!

Answer 12

$560-626 BILLION

Question 13

Different types of chronic Pain Diagnoses

Answer 13

• Low Back Pain
• Headaches/Migraines
• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
• Endometriosis
• Fibromyalgia
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction
• CRPS
• And Many more

Question 14

OTs role in pain
• Inform patient of the neurophysiology behind pain
response
• Clarify your treatment expectations
• Patient participation

Answer 14

Yep

Question 15

OTs Role in pain
• Increase function without ______________ pain
• Facilitating patient goals
• Return to roles and address performance deficits and
ADL’s

Answer 15

Increasing

Question 16

OTs Role in pain • Returning to “__________” patterns of performance • Acknowledge the pain and listen!!! KEY!!

Answer 16

normal

Question 17

OTs role in pain
• Inform patient of the \_\_\_\_\_\_ behind pain
response
• Clarify your treatment expectations
• Patient participation

Answer 17

neurophysiology

Question 18

OT Interventions for pain

Answer 18

• Proactive Pain Control • Proactive Problem Solving
• Pacing Activities
• Communication Skills • Neuromuscular Reeducation
• Biofeedback
• Muscle Relaxation Training
• Pain Journal • Patient Feedback

Question 19

• Psychologically they have become __________________ to their pain, so
changes need to be made slowly, and in a well educated
and understandable manner

Answer 19

Habituated

Question 20

• Pain can lead to a _______________including increased

Answer 20

Psychological distress

Question 21

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

• _____ – Scientific method, emphasize the client’s ability to apply reasoning to their situation

Answer 21

Empiricism

Question 22

• Gate Control Theory
• Theory linking \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  with pain
d
• Open gate =
• Closed gate =

Answer 22

psychological

Question 23

• Pain transmissions determined by the “gate” (___ ___) being open or close

Answer 23

dorsal horn

Question 24

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

• ________________ – Client’s perspective about their problems

Answer 24

Introspective

Question 25

Guided Ergonomics

Answer 25

* Proper posture * Body Mechanics * Identify risk factors * Energy-conservation techniques * Pacing of activities

Question 26

• Coping =

Answer 26

“Ongoing cognitive and behavioral efforts” • Struggling to win the fight with pain

Question 27

• Acceptance not only decreases pain perception, but also _____ while increasing function

Answer 27

depression

Question 28

``` • Gate Control Theory • Theory linking _______ with pain d • Open gate = • Closed gate = ```

Answer 28

psychological

Question 29

* Active/ adaptive vs. Negative coping for dealing with pain | * Passive =

Answer 29

use of dissociation, avoidance, and self-medication. These techniques are maladaptive and prevent the client from breaking apart the link between stimuli and response. They are more effective in the short-term, but actually worsen the condition long-terk

Question 30

Guided Imagery • Create images associated with ______________ and are pleasant • Gate control mechanism • Helps to reduce stressful situation’s outcome • Active involvement of the client

Answer 30

Relaxation

Question 31

• Gate Control Theory | Open=

Answer 31

Small (pain) nerve fibers synapse with projections cells to send signals to the brain

Question 32

• Gate Control Theory | Closed=

Answer 32

Large (normal) nerve fibers synapse with projection cells to block pain signals to the brain.

Question 33

• ______________ negative coping strategies

Answer 33

Eliminate

Question 34

• Positive coping strategies have been shown to improve pain tolerance, reduce intensity and improve function

Answer 34

Yep

Question 35

Acceptance • Acceptance = • Acceptance is not as simple as just making a mental decision, it’s living life with satisfaction

Answer 35

A person's assent to the reality of a situation, recognizing a process or condition (often a negative or uncomfortable situation) without attempting to change it or protest it.