test 3: learning and memory

Question 1

the process of acquiring new info

Answer 1

learning

Question 2

involves training an involuntary response behavior

Answer 2

classical conditioning

Question 3

experimented with dogs

Answer 3

pavlov

Question 4

anything that bring a response the 1st time it is offered

Answer 4

unconditioned stimulus

Question 5

unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 5

unconditioned response

Question 6

starts off neutral but overtime if you pair it with an unconditioned stimulus it will eventually bring a response

Answer 6

conditioned stimulus

Question 7

a learned response to a conditioned stimulus

Answer 7

conditioned response

Question 8

when you only respond to a conditioned stimulus you were taught

Answer 8

stimulus discrimination

Question 9

when you start to respond to things that are similar to the controlled stimulus that is taught

Answer 9

generalization

Question 10

when you continually present the conditioned stimulus and never give the unconditioned stimulus again and the conditioned response stops

Answer 10

extinction

Question 11

after extinction . the 1st time you offer the CS and the CR returns

Answer 11

spontaneous response

Question 12

a naturally occurring phenomenon and it only takes 1 acquisition trial. -when you eat something and then get sick and never want it again

Answer 12

taste aversion

Question 13

a way to help children stop wetting the bed

Answer 13

bell and pad method

Question 14

voluntary responses

Answer 14

operant training

Question 15

did experiments with pigeons

Answer 15

BF Skinner

Question 16

*2 underlying principles of operant training

Answer 16

1. all behaviors have consequences (has to be taught)

2. consequences determine whether or not behaviors are repeated

Question 17

good consequence

Answer 17

reinforcement

Question 18

bad consequence

Answer 18

punishment

Question 19

add a pleasant consequence after the target behavior occurs to strengthen behavior

Answer 19

positive reinforcement

Question 20

take away an unpleasant consequence after target behavior occurs to strengthen behavior

Answer 20

negative reinforcement

Question 21

adding an unpleasant consequence after target behavior occurs to weaken behavior

Answer 21

positive punishment

Question 22

taking away a pleasant consequence after target behavior occurs to weaken behavior

Answer 22

negative punishment

Question 23

sitting a child down for an amount of time to calm them down

Answer 23

timeout

Question 24

best used for attention seeking child. -ignoring a behavior to make it go away

Answer 24

operant extinction

Question 25

watching something and modeling that behavior

Answer 25

observational learning

Question 26

children watching the lady beat up the clown and then doing it

Answer 26

modeling "bobo study" albert bandura

Question 27

3 tasks of memory

Answer 27

1. encoding 2. storage 3. retrieval

Question 28

putting info into a code you can store (sound smell language vision)

Answer 28

encoding

Question 29

retaining the info you encoded

Answer 29

storage

Question 30

getting the info out of your memory

Answer 30

retrieval

Question 31

anything that helps you find info in your memory easier

Answer 31

retrieval cues

Question 32

visiting info before you need it

Answer 32

spaced retrieval

Question 33

you remember things better in the same place where you learned them

Answer 33

context dependent memory

Question 34

you remember things better in the same physical or emotional state that you learned them

Answer 34

state dependent

Question 35

3 stages of memory

Answer 35

1. sensory memory 2. short-term memory 3. long-term memory

Question 36

incredibly brief storage of sensory info | Capacity: very high Duration: very short

Answer 36

sensory memory

Question 37

relatively brief storage of info currently being used | Capacity: magic #7+-2 Duration

Answer 37

short-term memory

Question 38

grouping things into units so you can hold more in your short term memory

Answer 38

chunking

Question 39

repeat it until memorize

Answer 39

rote rehearsal

Question 40

attach meaning

Answer 40

elaborative memory

Question 41

relatively permanent storage of memory | Capacity: unlimited Duration: permanent

Answer 41

long-term memory

Question 42

3 types of memory

Answer 42

1. semantic memories 2. auto-biographical memories 3. procedural memories

Question 43

easy memories to put into words

Answer 43

explicit declarative

Question 44

hard to put into memories

Answer 44

implicit non declarative

Question 45

general info about the world

Answer 45

semantic memories

Question 46

memories about your life (behind your eyes)

Answer 46

auto-biographical memories

Question 47

how to do complicated actions

Answer 47

procedural memories

Question 48

where items on a list helps determine if you remember

Answer 48

serial position effect

Question 49

remembering the 1st

Answer 49

primacy effect

Question 50

remembering the last

Answer 50

recency effect

Question 51

strictly defined concept

Answer 51

artificial

Question 52

prototype concept

Answer 52

natural

Question 53

step by step procedure and done correctly will always give you the correct answer

Answer 53

algorithms

Question 54

a mental shortcut gives you a faster answer than algorithm but aren't always correct

Answer 54

heuristics

Question 55

when the answer comes to you but you aren't sure

Answer 55

insight

Question 56

makes it hard to make good decisions. only pay attention to things that confirm what we already believe and disregard things that contradict it

Answer 56

confirmation bias

Question 57

getting stuck in a solution that you don't believe another way of thinking (stereotypes)

Answer 57

fixation

Question 58

when you can only see an object in relation to its name or normal usage

Answer 58

functional fixedness

Question 59

tend to overestimate how often events occur based on the # of vivid examples we can bring to mind

Answer 59

availability heuristic

Question 60

tend to be more confident that we are correct

Answer 60

overconfidence