Test 3 Powerpoints Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the number one cause of aneurysms?
What are some other causes?
Atherosclerosis is the number one cause of this cardiovascular stressor.
Some other causes are trauma, pregnancy, or congenital weakness.
What is a TAA?
What is an AAA?
TAA = thoracic aortic aneurysm
AAA = abdominal aortic aneurysm
What are the symptoms of a TAA?
This cardiovascular stressor is characterized by the following symptoms:
- Asymptomatic
- Pain in jaw, neck, and upper back
- Chest or back pain
- Coughing, hoarseness, or dyspnea
- Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
What are the symptoms of an AAA?
This cardiovascular stressor is characterized by the following symptoms:
- Often asymptomatic
- Chest, lower back, or scrotum pain
- Strong pulsation sensation in the abdomen
- Palpable nontender upper abdominal mass
- Systolic bruit (abnormal sound…bruit is the french word for noise)
What class of meds is used to treat a TAA or an AAA?
What peripheral dilator is also used to treat a TAA or an AAA?
Beta blockers, along with nitroprusside (a peripheral dilator) are used to treat this cardiovascular stressor.
What distinguishes a true aortic aneurysm from a false one?
A true aortic ______ involves all 3 aortic layers: adventitia, media, and intima.
A false does not involve all 3 layers.
What is one problem with open endovascular graft repair?
Eschemia is a potential problem with this procedure because the bld supply must be clamped off to complete this procedure.
What is this procedure called?
What will the doctor want the patient to do after an endovascular stent placement?
After this procedure, the doctor will want the pt to lie flat for the first two hours, after which if absolutely necessary the bed can be raised to 45, but preferably the pt should lay flat for 6 hours postop.
What is this procedure called?
What should the nurse assess postop for an endovascular repair?
- Neurologic status
- Cardiac rhythm and vitals
- Hemodynamic
- Urine output >30mL/hr
- I & O
- Pain
- Surgical sites
- Neurovascular checks for lower extremities
Important postop nursing care for what procedure?
Postop AAA nursing care includes what?
- Prevent hypertension
- Support cardiac function
- Monitor for renal function
- Monitor for ischemic colitis by listening to bowel sounds
These are all postop nursing care for what procedure?
What is a complicated lesion?
Bld clots can form around a tear or fissure in the plaque (atherosclerosis) leading to blocked bld flow. This is called a _____.
What is PAD?
What will the legs of a pt with PAD look like when they are elevated?
And then how will the legs look when they are sitting with legs on the ground?
The pt might have what symptom with PAD?
PAD: peripheral artery disease
Elevated legs: legs will be cool and pale
Sitting with legs on ground: legs will be ruddy, purplish, reddish, almost cyanotic looking.
Pt may experience intermittent claudication, which is pain when walking or exercising.
One physical assessment for arterial insufficiency is called the 5 P’s.
What are they?
- Paresthesia (tickling, itching, numbness, tingling or burning)
- Paralysis
- Pain
- Pallor
- Pulselessness
The 5 P’s are a good physical assessment for what cardiovascular stressor?
What is Buerger’s disease?
Symptoms?
Believed to be what kind of disease?
Prognosis depends completely on whether or not they do what?
One med that might be helpful? What does it do? (action)
Also known as thromboangitis obliterans (TAO), this disease is a rare disorder characterized by inflammation of the small and medium arteries and veins.
Some symptoms are: rest pain, claudication, non-healing sores or ulcers/gangrene, or intense dependent rubor (redness from inflammation)…pain and symptoms often present bilaterally.
Believed to be auto-immune disease
Prognosis depends entirely on ability of pt to quit smoking.
One med that might help: iloprost, which is a vasodilator.
What is Raynaud’s disease?
What areas does it affect?
Looks like what?
Treated with what three classes of meds? Why?
This disease is a vasospasm of the arteries which reduces bld flow to the fingers and toes. Fingers/toes may become cold, change colors sequentially, then be numb or prickly upon warming or relief of stress.
Looks like frostbite, but isn’t.
Med classes used: calcium channel blockers, alpha blockers, and vasodilators, because we want to dilate the arteries and increase bld flow.
What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolism?
An embolism is a traveling clot, while a thrombus stays in the same place.
The number one cause of an MI is what?
CAD = coronary artery disease
CAD is the number one cause of ____?
Metabolic syndrome Dx occurs with at least three of the following:
- Insulin resistance
- Obesity
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hypertension
- Some sort of inflammatory disease
- Clotting issues
This direct vasodilator is contraindicated for treatment of a dissecting aneurysm.
Why?
Hydralazine is contraindicated for treatment of a _______. Direct vasodilation can worsen the dissection of the ______.
