Test 3: Respiratory

Question 1

What is the difference between adult and pediatric lungs?

Answer 1

Pediatrics - focus on airways

Adults - focus on cardio

Question 2

Children have ____ and ___ airways from trachea to bronchioles.

Answer 2

shorter (4 mm)

narrower

Question 3

Which bronchus angle is more acute in children?

Answer 3

right bronchus

Question 4

Lymph tissue grows until age ___.

Answer 4

12

Question 5

T/F: Children have very small tongues.

Answer 5

false, children have LARGE tongues

Question 6

T/F: The epiglottis is long and floppy in children.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Are the larynx and glottis higher or lower in the neck in children? What does this put them at risk of?

Answer 7

Higher

Risk of aspiration

Question 8

What can happen to the cartilage in the neck due to its immaturity in children?

Answer 8

can collapse

Question 9

Are there many functional muscles in the airway?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What leads to risk of edema and airway obstruction?

Answer 10

Large amounts of soft tissues and loosely anchored mucus

Question 11

In children, the chest muscles are immature and the ribs are cartilaginous. This allows the chest wall to be ___.

Answer 11

flexible

Question 12

Name the retraction:
Located BETWEEN ribs.
Indicates MILD distress.

Answer 12

intercostal

Question 13

Name the retraction:
Located below the STERNUM.
Worsening distress.

Answer 13

substernal

Question 14

Name the retraction:
Located below the RIBS.
Worsening distress.

Answer 14

subcostal

Question 15

Name the retraction:
Located above the CLAVICLES.
Severe distress.

Answer 15

supraclavicular

Question 16

Name the retraction:
Located above the STERNUM.
Severe distress.

Answer 16

suprasternal

Question 17

What level of resp. distress is indicated by the involvement of the accessory muscles (SCM and traps)?

Answer 17

Severe

Question 18

Another name for laryngotracheobronchitis is…

Answer 18

croup

Question 19

What ages are most often affected by croup?

Answer 19

1 - 3 years

Question 20

What is the most common form of croup?

Answer 20

LTB (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Question 21

What is the classic sign of LTB?

Answer 21

inspiratory stridor

Question 22

How does LTB begin?

Answer 22

simple URI for 1-2 days then infection

Question 23

LTB early symptoms?

Answer 23

stridor

barking cough

Question 24

LTB later symptoms?

Answer 24

• inflammation of trachea and bronchi
• hoarseness
• mild fever
• restlessness
• nasal flaring
• retractions
• hypoxia
• respiratory fatigue

Question 25

How is MILD croup treated?

Answer 25

at home (if no stridor at rest)... - oral fluids - cool mist humidifier (steam or cool air) - acetaminophen for fever

Question 26

How is SEVERE croup treated?

Answer 26

at hospital (if stridor constant)... - O2 / pulse ox - nebulized racemic epinephrine or nebulized corticosteroids

Question 27

What med is alpha-adrenergic and causes vasodilation of the mucosa?

Answer 27

racemic

Question 28

What condition is potentially life-threatening and occurs when the epiglottis swells blocking airflow into your lungs?

Answer 28

epiglottis

Question 29

Epiglottis is a medical ____! It is severe, sudden, and rapidly progressing.

Answer 29

emergency

Question 30

What is the hallmark sign of epiglottis?

Answer 30

drooling

Question 31

What ages are often affected by epiglottis?

Answer 31

3-7 years

Question 32

What are other signs of epiglottis?

Answer 32

- very sore throat - refusal to swallow/cry/speak - tripod position - muffled voice - retractions - anxiety - fever

Question 33

How does the epiglottis appear when inflamed?

Answer 33

swollen and cherry red

Question 34

What is the "thumb sign" seen in a LATERAL x-ray?

Answer 34

when the epiglottis is swollen it appears like a thumb

Question 35

What antibiotic is often prescribed for epiglottitis?

Answer 35

methylprednisolone

Question 36

What meds often help with the inflammation of epiglottitis?

Answer 36

IV steroids

Question 37

What vaccine prevents epiglottitis?

Answer 37

Hib

Question 38

What age is most at risk for foreign body aspiration?

Answer 38

1-3 years old

Question 39

What may be the first sign that a foreign body is aspirated?

Answer 39

infection

Question 40

What determines the severity of foreign body aspiration?

Answer 40

- size of object - where it's located in lungs - respiratory distress

Question 41

What is done in a partial obstruction?

Answer 41

Go to ED if air is still moving

Question 42

What is ordered for a partial obstruction?

Answer 42

laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy antibiotics x-ray

Question 43

Signs of a foreign body in the nose...

Answer 43

- UNIlateral nasal discharge, foul smelling - sneezing, discomfort - infection

Question 44

What are signs of infection with a foreign body in nose?

Answer 44

- foul breath | - discharge from nose (can be bloody)