Test 3 Review

Question 1

What type of bacteria have porins?

Answer 1

Gram negative

Question 2

If DNA is a ladder, what represents the backbone or sides of the ladder?

Answer 2

The sugar-phosphates

Question 3

In DNA, the 2 strands of nucleic acids are held together by what?

Answer 3

Hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases

Question 4

What is represented by the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 4

the structure and function of the cell/plasma membrane

Question 5

What is a kinase?

Answer 5

An enzyme that adds a phosphate group to a molecule

Question 6

What happens in the catabolism of glucose?

Answer 6

Carbon atoms are oxidized

Question 7

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) does what?

Answer 7

Interferes with folic acid (folate) biosynthesis

Question 8

How would you describe transcription?

Answer 8

RNA polymerase makes a single stranded RNA that is complimentary to one strand of DNA

Question 9

Where is a series of redox reactions in the membrane used?

Answer 9

The electron transport chain

Question 10

What is Oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 10

When ATP is made in the electron transport chain

Question 11

Which pathway makes ATP via substrate level phosphorylation?

Answer 11

Glycolysis and the TCA/Krebs Cycle

Question 12

What does it mean if a carbon has a lot of electrons orbiting around it?

Answer 12

The carbon is very reduced

Question 13

Which biomolecule usually makes up enzymes in metabolism?

Answer 13

Proteins

Question 14

The TCA cycle does all of the following except:

Answer 14

Make ATP by substrate level phosphorylation
Makes lots of reduced coenzymes
Oxidizes carbon atoms from glucose
[Makes ATP via oxidative phosphorylation]
Produces CO2 during the pathway

Question 15

What is true if ATP is made using an electron transport chain?

Answer 15

the ATP was made by oxidative phosphorylation

Question 16

What happens in the preparatory phase of glycolysis?

Answer 16

2 ATP molecules are invested

Question 17

Where is the external terminal electron acceptor used?

Answer 17

The electron transport chain

Question 18

If a bacterial species uses an electron transport chain that only uses elemental sulfur (S) as a terminal electron acceptor, what is true?

Answer 18

the bacteria is using anaerobic respiration

Question 19

What interferes with Peptidoglycan biosynthesis?

Answer 19

Penicillin and other beta lactam antibiotics

Question 20

What do beta lactamases do?

Answer 20

Break down penicillin and other betalactams

Question 21

What oxidizes reduced coenzymes?

Answer 21

the electron transport chain

Question 22

Which growth phase is where bacteria are the happiest and growing at their optimum rate?

Answer 22

Log

Question 23

How do bacteria evolve by using horizontal gene transmission?

Answer 23

Transformation, conjugation, and transduction

Question 24

What is the flow of genetic information between cells?

Answer 24

DNA replication

Question 25

If there is no oxygen present and glucose is being catabolized, and there is no ETC, what will happen?

Answer 25

NAD will be produced by reducing pyruvate

Question 26

What are enzymes?

Answer 26

Molecules involved in lowering the energy of activation

Question 27

Why is ATP a high energy compound?

Answer 27

Because it has 3 phosphates next to each other

Question 28

If glycolysis is occurring frequently in a cell, and the cell has to reduce the final partially oxidized end product, what is the reason?

Answer 28

the bacteria has run out of oxidized forms of its coenzymes

Question 29

How can bacteria be identified?

Answer 29

Fermentation end products

Question 30

What is NADH?

Answer 30

Reduced form of the coenzyme NAD

Question 31

What is the production of acetyl CoA from pyruvate by pyruvate dehydrogenase?

Answer 31

an oxidation that produces CO2

Question 32

What are dehydrogenases?

Answer 32

Enzymes that transfer electrons from one molecule to another

Question 33

What is fermentation used to produce?

Answer 33

NAD

Question 34

What is Peptidoglycan biosynthesis an example of?

Answer 34

Anabolism

Question 35

Which produces the most energy?

Answer 35

Substrate level phosphorylation Glycolysis TCA/ Krebs Cycle Oxidative phosphorylation <

Question 36

What is lactic acid an example of?

Answer 36

Fermentation product

Question 37

What is the end result of glycolysis?

Answer 37

Pyruvate

Question 38

Where is the electron transport chain located?

Answer 38

The cytoplasmic/plasma membrane of bacteria

Question 39

What is genetic information flowing between cells an example of?

Answer 39

DNA replication

Question 40

Why is Bactrim effective?

Answer 40

It inhibits one of the metabolic pathways that produces folic acid

Question 41

What does pyruvate dehydrogenase produce?

Answer 41

Acetyl-CoA

Question 42

What is the best way to regenerate NAD for further use?

Answer 42

Using the electron transport chain

Question 43

What happens when electrons are passed down the electron transport chain?

Answer 43

Protons are pumped across the membrane

Question 44

What is Peptidoglycan made of?

Answer 44

Peptides and carbohydrates

Question 45

What process produces fructose-6-PO4?

Answer 45

the preparatory phase of glycolysis

Question 46

What does primase do?

Answer 46

Initiates the synthesis of RNA to provide a 3’OH group for DNA polymerase

Question 47

How are Streptococcus and Neisseria able to take up DNA molecules?

Answer 47

Transformation

Question 48

Where does DNA replication begin?

Answer 48

the origin of replication

Question 49

Which pathogen is the sccMec cassette important for in evolving antibiotic resistance in?

Answer 49

Staphylococcus aureus