Test 3 Study Guide Flashcards by Savannah Robbins

Temperature at which a substance no
longer can be characterized as either a liquid or a gas.

Critical temperature (TC)

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The pressure required at a critical
temperature to change a gas to a liquid.

Critical pressure (PC)

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Substance is the pressure and temperature at which the substance can exist in the three phases of matter in
equilibrium.

Triple Point

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Compressed air is supplied in cylinders that are color coded ______.

Yellow

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_______ compressed air is commonly provided in hospital medical gas systems

Piped

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Smaller, ______ air compressors are available for hospital or home use.

Portable

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What are the 2 therapeutic uses of room air

1) To dilute 100% oxygen
(Oxygen delivery mixed ranges 22% to 99%)

2) Driving gas for breathing devices
(Patients who do not require supplemental oxygen)

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Colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless, nonflammable gas,
only slightly heavier than air at standard temp and pressure.

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O2 is color coded _____.

Green

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Only ___ mL of O2
dissolves in 1 L of water at standard temp and pressure

10.2 mL

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______ can be liquefied when its temperature is lowered to (–
297.3°F),(–182.9°C).

Gaseous O2

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Liquid O2 has a pale-blue color and is ___ times heavier than water.

1.1

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Avoid use of ____ products around oxygen

Petroleum (Support of combustion)

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Oxygen concentrators concentrate oxygen from ambient air by filtering out
nitrogen. This process is called ____ _____.

Molecular Filtration

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Used widely in respiratory home care with O2 concentrator devices

O2 Membrane Concentrators

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Color coded gray

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

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Colorless, transparent, odorless to pungent, and tasteless or slightly acid-tasting gas with a specific gravity of 1.522 making it heavier than air.

CO2

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Nonflammable and does not support combustion or animal life.

CO2

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CO2 is primarily used in medicine for _____.

Calibration

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CO2 is a by-product of _____ _____ and the burning of carbonaceous
fuels.

Animal Metabolism

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Mixed with oxygen and used medically for its low density and ability to
reduce turbulent airflow with natural or artificial airways.

Heliox

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2 mixtures for Heliox

80/20 mixture
70/30 mixture

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Decreases work of breathing. May be administered via mask or mechanical ventilation.

Heliox

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Indications for the use of heliox

Asthma.
* COPD.
* Croup.
* Bronchiolar cancer.
* Tracheal stenosis.

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Therapeutic uses of nitric oxide

* Vasodilation, neurotransmission, long term memory, immunologic defense.

Plays important role in vascular smooth muscle relaxation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, neurotransmission, and immune regulation.

Nitric Oxide

Important signaling messenger molecule, of physiologic functions

Nitric Oxide

Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, erectile dysfunction, immune deficiency disease can be an indicator of:

Low Nitric Oxide levels

Nitric Oxide concentrations

Concentrations 5 to 80 ppm

Primary uses for nitric oxide

In babies for pulmonary hypertension and in adults for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (controversial)

Department in charge of federal regulation of cylinder testing

DOT

Steel medical cylinders should be tested every ___ years

10 years

Aluminum medical cylinders should be tested every _____ years

5 years

Most medical gas cylinders of any size are filled to the same high pressure of _____ to ____

2200 to 2500 psig

To decrease the possibility of inadvertent administration of the wrong therapeutic gas, a safety system using _______, ______, and _____.

Color-Coding Labels Connection Devices

When cylinders of gas are used, the pressure in a full cylinder may be 2200 to 2500 psig and must be reduced to safe ____ psig working pressure.

50 psig

High pressure reducing valves, or _____, are used for cylinders

Regulators

The American Standard Compressed Gas Cylinder Outlet and Inlet Connections, referred to as the American Standard Safety System (ASSS) is responsible for these tanks

Large high pressure cylinders (larger than E) (above 200 psig).

The Pin Index Safety System (PISS) is responsible for these tanks

Small high pressure cylinders (E or smaller) (above 200 psig)

The Diameter Index Safety System (DISS) is responsible for these tanks

Low pressure connections and fittings (below 200 psig)

Green/brown tanks are for _____.

Heliox

Causes of hypoxemia

1. Partial Pressure (ex. altitude) 2. Pulmonary conditions caused by hypoventilation (V/Q mismatch, Right-to-left shunt, Diffusion defect)

Involves the neurologic control of ventilation

Oxygen induced hypoventilation

O2-induced hypoventilation may occur in patients who rely on their ______ drive

hypoxemic

O2-induced hypoventilation may occur in Obstructive disease patients who have adapted to long term ______

hypercarbia

Only occurs in infants

Retinopathy of prematurity

May progress to obliteration and retinal detachment.

Retinopathy of prematurity You want PaO2 >80 mm Hg

Damage to lung tissue caused by breathing high concentrations of O2

Oxygen Toxicity * FIO2 > 50%.

Flow restrictors are ____, fixed flow meters.

Preset

Although less accurate, are used whenever a patient application requires that the regulator not be vertical.

Bourdon gauges

Low-flow devices

Nasal cannula * Simple mask * Partial rebreather * Non-rebreathing mask

The most widely used device for administering low flow oxygen.

Nasal cannula

Consists of nasal prongs and tubing, and is made of soft pliable plastic.

Flow rate of nasal cannula

1 to 6 L/min

If a nasal cannula flow rate is above 4 L/min, a ____ must be attached

4 L/min

If the bag deflates completely during inspiration, what do you do?

Turn up the flow

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is indicated for treatment of:

Carbon monoxide poisoning. * Clostridium myonecrosis (gas gangrene). * Decompression sickness (bends.) * Healing;

Often initiated due to patient complaints of shortness of breath.

Oxygen therapy

SYMPTOMS of hypoxia

Cognitive impairment. * Cardiac rhythm and conduction dysfunction. * Renal dysfunction.

Actual SIGNS of hypoxia:

High respiratory rate * Cyanosis * Chest pain * Low PaO2 * Low SaO2

The gold standards for documenting physiologic need for supplemental oxygen (2)

Arterial blood gas analysis and clinical signs

The most common form of continuously monitoring oxygen saturation.

Pulse oximetry

Benefits of high-flow nasal cannula

Reduces dead Space Reduces rebreathing of Gas High in CO2 Decreases work of breathing. Increases supplemental oxygen. * Increases mucous clearance. Increases airway conductance.

CPAP benefits

3 to 5 cm H2O with closed mouth. * Increases mean airway pressure (MAP). * Increases gas exchange.

High-flow oxygen should ____ any tidal volume, respiratory frequency, or inspiratory flow the patient might produce.

Exceed

Total flow of _____ is sufficient for most adults.

40 L/min

Venturi masks entrain air by the ____ principle and constant pressure-jet mixing.

Bernoulli

This physical phenomenon is based on a rapid velocity of gas (e.g., O2) moving through a restricted orifice.

Bernoulli principle

This action produces viscous shearing forces that create a decreased pressure gradient (sub-atmospheric) downstream relative to the surrounding gases.

Bernoulli principle

Test 3 Study Guide Flashcards

(70 cards)