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Intro to Respiratory Therapy > Test 3 Study Guide > Flashcards

Test 3 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Temperature at which a substance no
longer can be characterized as either a liquid or a gas.

A

Critical temperature (TC)

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2
Q

The pressure required at a critical
temperature to change a gas to a liquid.

A

Critical pressure (PC)

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3
Q

Substance is the pressure and temperature at which the substance can exist in the three phases of matter in
equilibrium.

A

Triple Point

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4
Q

Compressed air is supplied in cylinders that are color coded ______.

A

Yellow

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5
Q

_______ compressed air is commonly provided in hospital medical gas systems

A

Piped

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6
Q

Smaller, ______ air compressors are available for hospital or home use.

A

Portable

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7
Q

What are the 2 therapeutic uses of room air

A

1) To dilute 100% oxygen
(Oxygen delivery mixed ranges 22% to 99%)

2) Driving gas for breathing devices
(Patients who do not require supplemental oxygen)

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8
Q

Colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless, nonflammable gas,
only slightly heavier than air at standard temp and pressure.

A

O2

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9
Q

O2 is color coded _____.

A

Green

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10
Q

Only ___ mL of O2
dissolves in 1 L of water at standard temp and pressure

A

10.2 mL

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11
Q

______ can be liquefied when its temperature is lowered to (–
297.3°F),(–182.9°C).

A

Gaseous O2

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12
Q

Liquid O2 has a pale-blue color and is ___ times heavier than water.

A

1.1

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13
Q

Avoid use of ____ products around oxygen

A

Petroleum (Support of combustion)

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14
Q

Oxygen concentrators concentrate oxygen from ambient air by filtering out
nitrogen. This process is called ____ _____.

A

Molecular Filtration

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15
Q

Used widely in respiratory home care with O2 concentrator devices

A

O2 Membrane Concentrators

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16
Q

Color coded gray

A

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

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17
Q

Colorless, transparent, odorless to pungent, and tasteless or slightly acid-tasting gas with a specific gravity of 1.522 making it heavier than air.

A

CO2

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18
Q

Nonflammable and does not support combustion or animal life.

A

CO2

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19
Q

CO2 is primarily used in medicine for _____.

A

Calibration

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20
Q

CO2 is a by-product of _____ _____ and the burning of carbonaceous
fuels.

A

Animal Metabolism

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21
Q

Mixed with oxygen and used medically for its low density and ability to
reduce turbulent airflow with natural or artificial airways.

A

Heliox

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22
Q

2 mixtures for Heliox

A
  • 80/20 mixture
  • 70/30 mixture
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23
Q

Decreases work of breathing. May be administered via mask or mechanical ventilation.

A

Heliox

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24
Q

Indications for the use of heliox

A

Asthma.
* COPD.
* Croup.
* Bronchiolar cancer.
* Tracheal stenosis.

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25
Q

Therapeutic uses of nitric oxide

A
  • Vasodilation, neurotransmission, long term memory, immunologic defense.
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26
Q

Plays important role in vascular smooth muscle relaxation, inhibition of
platelet aggregation, neurotransmission, and immune regulation.

A

Nitric Oxide

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27
Q

Important signaling messenger molecule, of physiologic functions

A

Nitric Oxide

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28
Q

Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, erectile dysfunction, immune deficiency
disease can be an indicator of:

A

Low Nitric Oxide levels

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29
Q

Nitric Oxide concentrations

A

Concentrations 5 to 80 ppm

30
Q

Primary uses for nitric oxide

A

In babies for pulmonary hypertension and in adults for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (controversial)

31
Q

Department in charge of federal regulation of cylinder testing

A

DOT

32
Q

Steel medical cylinders should be tested every ___ years

A

10 years

33
Q

Aluminum medical cylinders should be tested every _____ years

A

5 years

34
Q

Most medical gas cylinders of any size are filled to the same high
pressure of _____ to ____

A

2200 to 2500 psig

35
Q

To decrease the possibility of inadvertent administration of the wrong
therapeutic gas, a safety system using _______, ______, and _____.

A

Color-Coding
Labels
Connection Devices

36
Q

When cylinders of gas are used, the pressure in a full cylinder may be 2200 to 2500 psig and must be reduced to safe ____ psig working pressure.

A

50 psig

37
Q

High pressure reducing valves, or _____, are used for cylinders

A

Regulators

38
Q

The American Standard Compressed Gas Cylinder Outlet and Inlet Connections, referred to as the American Standard Safety System (ASSS) is responsible for these tanks

A

Large high pressure cylinders (larger than E) (above 200 psig).

39
Q

The Pin Index Safety System (PISS) is responsible for these tanks

A

Small high pressure cylinders (E or smaller) (above 200 psig)

40
Q

The Diameter Index Safety System (DISS) is responsible for these tanks

A

Low pressure connections and fittings (below 200 psig)

41
Q

Green/brown tanks are for _____.

A

Heliox

42
Q

Causes of hypoxemia

A
  1. Partial Pressure (ex. altitude)
  2. Pulmonary conditions caused by hypoventilation (V/Q mismatch, Right-to-left shunt, Diffusion defect)
43
Q

Involves the neurologic control of ventilation

A

Oxygen induced hypoventilation

44
Q

O2-induced hypoventilation may occur in patients who rely on their
______ drive

A

hypoxemic

45
Q

O2-induced hypoventilation may occur in Obstructive disease patients who have adapted to long term ______

A

hypercarbia

46
Q

Only occurs in infants

A

Retinopathy of prematurity

47
Q

May progress to obliteration and retinal detachment.

A

Retinopathy of prematurity
You want PaO2 >80 mm Hg

48
Q

Damage to lung tissue caused by breathing high concentrations of O2

A

Oxygen Toxicity
* FIO2 > 50%.

49
Q

Flow restrictors are ____, fixed flow meters.

A

Preset

50
Q

Although less accurate, are used whenever a patient application requires that the regulator not be vertical.

A

Bourdon gauges

51
Q

Low-flow devices

A

Nasal cannula
* Simple mask
* Partial rebreather
* Non-rebreathing mask

52
Q

The most widely used device for administering low flow oxygen.

A

Nasal cannula

53
Q

Consists of nasal prongs and tubing, and is
made of soft pliable plastic.

A

Consists of nasal prongs and tubing, and is
made of soft pliable plastic.

54
Q

Flow rate of nasal cannula

A

1 to 6 L/min

55
Q

If a nasal cannula flow rate is above 4 L/min, a ____ must be attached

A

4 L/min

56
Q

If the bag deflates
completely during
inspiration, what do you do?

A

Turn up the flow

57
Q

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is indicated for treatment of:

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning.
* Clostridium myonecrosis (gas gangrene).
* Decompression sickness (bends.)
* Healing;

58
Q

Often initiated due to patient complaints of shortness of breath.

A

Oxygen therapy

59
Q

SYMPTOMS of hypoxia

A

Cognitive impairment.
* Cardiac rhythm and conduction dysfunction.
* Renal dysfunction.

60
Q

Actual SIGNS of hypoxia:

A

High respiratory rate
* Cyanosis
* Chest pain
* Low PaO2
* Low SaO2

61
Q

The gold standards for
documenting physiologic need for supplemental oxygen (2)

A

Arterial blood gas analysis and clinical signs

62
Q

The most common form of continuously monitoring oxygen saturation.

A

Pulse oximetry

63
Q

Benefits of high-flow nasal cannula

A

Reduces dead Space
Reduces rebreathing of Gas High in CO2
Decreases work of breathing.
Increases supplemental oxygen.
* Increases mucous clearance.
Increases airway conductance.

64
Q

CPAP benefits

A

3 to 5 cm H2O with closed mouth.
* Increases mean airway pressure (MAP).
* Increases gas exchange.

65
Q

High-flow oxygen should ____ any tidal volume, respiratory frequency, or inspiratory flow the patient might produce.

A

Exceed

66
Q

Total flow of _____ is sufficient for most adults.

A

40 L/min

67
Q

Venturi masks entrain air by the ____ principle and constant pressure-jet
mixing.

A

Bernoulli

68
Q

This physical phenomenon is based on a rapid velocity of gas (e.g., O2) moving
through a restricted orifice.

A

Bernoulli principle

69
Q

This action produces viscous shearing forces that create a decreased pressure
gradient (sub-atmospheric) downstream relative to the surrounding gases.

A

Bernoulli principle

70
Q
A

Intro to Respiratory Therapy (5 decks)

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