Test 33

Question 1

Sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV

Answer 1

A screening test with high specificity and negative predictive value will be highly accurate in identifying individuals with no disease.

Question 2

PTSD

Answer 2

Physicians should be alert to the possibility of PTSD in veterans reporting new-onset insomnia, substance use, and interpersonal conflicts. Optimal tx of PTSD involves a combination of trauma-focused psychotherapy and medication.

Question 3

Risk, rate, prevalence and incidence

Answer 3

The concept of a latent period can be applied to both disease pathogenesis and exposure to risk modifiers. Inciting pathological events (or exposure to risk modifiers) sometimes occurs years before clinical manifestations become evident. In addition, exposure to risk modifiers may need to continue over a long time period before disease outcome is affected. Survival curves are parallel to each other = latent period.

Question 4

Abnormal uterine bleeding

Answer 4

The tx of acute uterine bleeding is combination oral contraceptives containing high-dose estrogen, which stabilizes the endometrium and stops the bleeding.

Question 5

Nonmelanoma skin cancer

Answer 5

Surgery is the preferred tx for both low- and high-risk invasive squamous cell skin cancer (SCSC). Other approved options for low-risk SCSC include cryotherapy, electrosurgery, and radiation therapy.

Question 6

Professional conduct

Answer 6

When a patient decides to take herbal medications against medical advise, the discussion and patient’s decision should be documented in the chart. The physician should follow the patient’s health status and not abandon the patient despite this decision.