Test 46

Question 1

Marfan syndrome

Answer 1

Patients with a nontraumatic ectopia lentis should be evaluated for Marfan syndrome, an autosomal dominant condition with an increased risk for aortic root disease (dilation, dissection).

Question 2

Nonmelanoma skin cancer

Answer 2

High-risk squamous cell carcinoma (on the face or ears) is generally best managed with Mohs micrographic surgery. This technique has a higher cure rate compared to standard excision, and its ability to maximally preserve normal tissue also makes it the preferred method for removing tumors in cosmetically and functionality sensitive areas.

Question 3

Puberty

Answer 3

In adolescents, the most common cause of irregular menstrual bleeding is anovulation, a result of an immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. First-line treatment is reassurance and observation. Hormonal contraception can be considered for severe symptoms or according to patient preference.

Question 4

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 4

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce glucose levels by promoting renal glucose excretion and are associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis, urinary tract infections, and polyuria.

Question 5

Patient safety

Answer 5

Postmarketing surveillance is the monitoring of the safety of medications or devices after they have been released on the market. The true safety profile of any medication is really understood only after the medication has been used by a large number of patients.

Question 6

Opioids

Answer 6

In patients receiving chronic opioid therapy, increased respiratory drive (dyspnea, tachypnea) is abnormal and should alert clinicians and caregivers to an acute underlying non-opioid-related disease process.