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PSYCHD > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

What Epigenetic forces develop the brain and body?

A

Biologically driven
Socially Guided
Experience-Expectant
Experience-Dependent

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2
Q

Growth patterns ages 2-6?

A

Body lengthens and baby fat is replaced by muscle.

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3
Q

For children 2-6 how many pounds do they generally gain a year? How all do they grow?

A

about 4 1/2 pounds and 3 inches every year

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4
Q

A typical 6 year old:

A

40-50 pounds
3 1/2 ft tall
Lean not chubby
Legs half their height

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5
Q

What decreases in 6 year olds?

A

Appetite, they need fewer calories per lb of weight.

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6
Q

Why are low SES kids obese?

A

less exercise, more TV, fewer vegetables, and more fast food.

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7
Q

What % of 2-5yrs are obese?

A

14%

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8
Q

What % of 6-11yrs are obese?

A

18%

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9
Q

What % of 12-19yrs are obese?

A

21%

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10
Q

What is the “Just Right” Phenomenon?

A

Peaks at 3 but decreases at 5, is a consistent “just right” routine for preschoolers

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11
Q

How much does a 2 year olds brain weigh?

A

75% of what it will weigh in adulthood.

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12
Q

How much does a 6 year olds brain weigh?

A

90% of what it will weigh in adulthood

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13
Q

Prefrontal cortex does

A

The brains executive functions, planning, selecting, and coordinating thoughts.

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14
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

coordinates voluntary movement and balance.

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15
Q

What results in brain growth?

A

Proliferation and communication of dendrites and axons.

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16
Q

What is myelination?

A

When axons get coated in myelin which speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron.

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17
Q

Ages 2-6 Prefrontal Cortex Maturation:

A

Sleep gets regular, tantrums calm down, laughing and crying becomes more controllable.

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18
Q

What are neurons 2 impulses?

A

activate and inhibit

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19
Q

A balanced brain is most effective throughout life T or F

A

T many kids are finding their balance

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20
Q

What is perseveration?

A

When you tend to stick to 1 thought or action for a long time,

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21
Q

Corpus Callosum:

A

the connection of the brains hemispheres.

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22
Q

What is lateralization?

A

The specialization of certain functions by each side of the brain.

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23
Q

What is the Limbic System?

A

Controls expression and regulates emotion.

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24
Q

3 Major Areas are:

A

Amygdala- emotions
Hippocampus -memory
Hypothalamus- brain area responds to both A and H to produce hormones for other parts of the body.

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25
What are Gross Motor Skills?
anything involving a LARGE body movement
26
What are fine motor skills?
involves a SMALL body movment
27
What expression blossoms during early childhood?
artistic expression
28
out of 100,000 1-4 year olds, how many died accidentally?
10.9%
29
out of 100,000 1-4 year olds, how many died of cancer?
2.5%
30
out of 100,000 1-4 year olds, how many were murdered?
2.4%
31
Leading cause of death for teenagers?
Car accidents
32
What is primary prevention?
actions that can change conditions to prevent unwanted events or cicrusmtances.
33
What is Secondary Prevention:
Actions that AVERT harm in high risk situations, like stopping a car form hitting someone.
34
What is a tertiary prevention?
actions taken after an adverse event
35
What is child maltreatment?
Intentional harm or avoidable endangerment of anyone under 18
36
What is child abuse?
Deliberate action harmful to child's physical, emotional, or sexual well-being.
37
First signs of maltreatment is:
slow growth Immature communication lack of curiosity unusual social interaction
38
What is permanency planning?
When child welfare authorities find long-term living situations that provide stability and support for maltreated children.
39
What is foster care?
legal, publicly supported SYSTEM in which maltreated kid is removed from parents custody and entrusted to another adult.
40
What is Kinship care?
a form of foster care in which a relative of a maltreated child becomes approved care giver.
41
What is adoption?
legal process of welcoming a new child who is not biological.
42
Pre-operational intelligence is
cognitive development between ages 2-6 PRELOGICAL
43
4 characteristics of thinking in early childhood that makes logic difficult?
centration focus on appearance Static reasoning irreveresabibility
44
What is centration?
characteristic of a pre operational thought in which a young child focuses on one idea. They center in
45
What is egocentrism:
self centered thinking in personal perspective
46
Focus on appearance?
young cild ignores all attributes that are not apparent
47
What is static reasoning?
Thinking that nothing changes
48
irreversibiliity
idea that nothing can be UNDONE
49
Animism
belief that natural objects are alive
50
Conservation is
the idea that amount of a substance remains the same when appearance changes. two small glasses = 1 big cup
51
Who was the 1st leading developmentalist to emphasizse the other side of early cogtgnition?
VYGOTSKY
52
Who emphasizes social aspect of childrens cognition vs piagets emphasis on the individual
VYGOTSKY
53
ZPD= skills a person can exercise only with assistance, give one example
skill someone is close to mastering but needs a mentor.
54
What is a scaffolding?
temporary support tailored to a learner's needs and abilities.
55
What is over imitation?
inadvernt scaffolding, learning something that isn't relavent to the task you are learning.
56
Executive Function
organizing and prioritizing thoughts from various parts of the brain
57
3 components of executive function
working memory Cognitive flexibility inhibitory control
58
Private Speech is
internal dialogue that occurs when people talk to themselves
59
Social Mediation
persons cognitive skills are refined and extended
60
theory-theory
idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear by constructing theories
61
theory of mind:
person's theory of what other people might be thinking
62
what is fast mapping?
anything with 4 legs = dog
63
logical extenesion example?
cows are dalmations because of spots
64
kids who speak 2 languages by age 5 are
less egocentric | more advanced in their theory of mind
65
What is the preiminendt psychosocial accomplishment of kids 2-6
how and when to express emotions
66
What is emotional regulation?
ability to control when and how emotions are exspressed
67
What is self concept?
who am i
68
what is self esteem
how do i feel about myself
69
what is intrinsic motivation?
motivation from inside the person emotional internal drive
70
what is extrinsic motivation?
outside material possessions drive you to complete goal
71
with the experiment in motivation what group used markers more?
Group 3 with the unexpected award.
72
what was the interpetatiton by group 3 using more markers?
extrinsic motivation undercut intrinsic motivation
73
What is externalizin problems?
expressing powerful feelings through uncontrolled physical or verbal outbursts.
74
what is internalizing problems
internalzing problems turning ones emotional distress inward.
75
what is solitary play?
child plays alone
76
onlooker play is
child watches other kids play
77
parallel play
children play with similar toys but not eachother
78
associate play
children interact but not mutual, they just observe each other.
79
cooperative play
children play together, creating and elaborating a joint activity or taking turns.
80
what is rough and tumble
mimics aggressive play no harm
81
what is sociodramatic paly
rehearesed roles that helps regulate emmotions and develop a self concept
82
what is prosicial behabior
helpfullness and kindness without reward
83
What is the phallic stage?
Freuds 3rd sage of development 3-6 penis becomes the focus of concern and pleasure.
84
What is an oedipus complex?
unconsicous desire of young boys to replace their father and win mother's exclusive love
85
what is a superego
judgmental part of the personality that inernalizes the moreal standarsds of the parents
86
what is an electra complex
unconscious desire of girls to replace their mother and win fathers exclusive love
87
identification is
defending yourslef by taking on behaviors and attitiudes of someone else

PSYCHD (3 decks)

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