Test 4 Flashcards
(237 cards)
1
Q
Alopecia
A
Loss of hair from any cause
2
Q
Ecchymosis 
A
Bleeding into the skin and tissue initially evidenced by varied color that gradually fades to green yellow or brown overtime
3
Q
Erythema
A
Redness of the skin caused by dilation of the capillaries due to injury, irritation inflammation are very skin conditions
4
Q
Hirsutism
A
The Condition of having excessive hair growth
5
Q
Hyperpigmentation
A
Increase in the melanin of the skin, resulting in an increase in pigmentation
6
Q
Hypo pigmentation
A
Decrease in the melanin of the skin resulting in loss of pigmentation
7
Q
Keratin
A
An insoluble fibrous protein that forms the outer skin layer
8
Q
Keratinocytes
A
Arising from the innermost layer of the epidermidis synthesize, the insoluble protein keratin
9
Q
Langerhans cells
A
The dendritic clear cells in the epidermidis that carry surface receptors for immunoglobulin and complement, and that are active participants in delayed hypersensitivity of the skin
10
Q
Melanin
A
The substance responsible for coloration of the skin
11
Q
Melanocyte
A
Cells of the skin produce melanin
12
Q
Merkel cells
A
Cells of the epidermis that play a role in transmission of sensory messages
13
Q
Petechiae 
A
Pinpoint red spots that appear on the skin as a result of blood leakage into the skin
14
Q
Rete ridges 
A
Undulations and furrows that appear at the lower edge of the epidermidis at the dermal junction where these two skin layers are cemented together
15
Q
Sebaceous glands
A
Glands that exist within the epidermis and secrete sebum to keep the skin soft and pliable
16
Q
Sebum
A
Fatty secretion of the sebaceous glands
17
Q
Telangiectasias
A
Vascular structures; red marks on the skin caused by distention of the superficial blood vessels
18
Q
Vitiligo
A
A localized or widespread condition, characterized by destruction of the melanocytes in circumscribed areas of the skin resulting in white patches
19
Q
Wood light
A
Ultraviolet light used for diagnosing skin conditions
20
Q
Acantholysis
A
Separation of epidermal cells from each other due to damage or abnormality of the intracellular structure
21
Q
Bullae
A
Large fluid filled blisters
22
Q
Carbuncle
A
Localized skin infection involving several hair follicles
23
Q
Cheilitis
A
Inflammation of the lips
24
Q
Comedones
A
The primary lesions of acne caused by sebum blockage in the hair follicle
25
Cytotoxic
Destructive of cells
26
Debridement
Removal of necrotic, or dead tissue by mechanical surgical chemical, or autolytic means
27
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin
28
Dermatosis
Any abnormal skin lesion
29
Epidermopiesis
Development of epidermal cells
30
Furuncle
Localized skin infection of a single or few hair follicles(Boil )
31
Hydrophilic
Material that absorbs moisture
32
Hydrophobic
Material that repels moisture
33
Hygroscopic
Material that absorbs moisture from the air
34
Lichenification
Thickening of the horny layer of the skin (Scaling )
35
Liniments
Lotions with added oil for increased, softening up the skin
36
Pressure injury
Localized area of the skin breakdown and/or underlying soft tissue damage due to prolonged pressure and insufficient blood supply; formally known as pressure ulcer
37
Pruitis
Itching
38
Pyodermas
Pus forming bacterial skin infections
39
Sinus tract
Course or path of tissue destruction, occurring in any direction from the surface or edge of a wound (Tunneling)
40
Slough
Soft, moist avascular tissue; maybe white yellow, tan gray, or green; may be loose or firmly adherent
41
Striae
Band like streaks on the skin, distinguished by color, texture, depression, or elevation from the tissue, in which they are found; usually purpleish or white
42
Suspensions
Liquid preparation in which powder is suspended, requiring shaking before use
43
Tinea
A common superficial fungal infection on the skin or scalp (Ringworm)
44
Undermining
Area of destroy tissue that extends extensively under intact skin along the periphery of a wound
45
Xerosis
Overly dry rough skin
46
Autograft
A graph derived from one part of a patient’s body and used on another part of the same patient’s body
47
Carboxyhemoglobin
Compound of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin formed in the blood with exposure to carbon Monoxide 
48
Collagen
A protein present in skin tendon, bone cartilage, and connective tissue
49
Contracture
Shrinkage of burn scar through collagen maturation
50
Debridement
Removal of Foreign material and devitalized tissue until surrounding healthy, tissue is exposed. 
51
Donor site
The area from which skin is taken to provide a skin graft for another part of the body
52
Eschar
Devitalized tissue resulting from a burn or wound 
53
Escharitomy
A linear excision made through Escher to release constriction of underlying tissue
54
Fasciotomy
An incision made through the fascia to release constriction of underlying muscle
55
Homograft
A graft transferred from one human (Living or cadaveric) To another human (Allograft )
56
Xenograft
A graft attain from an animal of a species, other than that of the recipient (Pig skin ) (Heterograft )
57
Medication’s to know impetigo 
58
Cellulitis
59
Medication’s for Tinea ( Fungal )
60
Patient education Tinea
61
Medication management, scabies, and lice
62
Erythema multifirom
63
Medication, acne
64
Medication acne 2
65
Nursing management, Steven Johnson syndrome
66
Anterior chamber
Aqueous containing space in the eye between the posterior cornea, and the anterior iris and pupil
67
Aqueous humor
Transparent nutrient containing fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye
68
Astigmatism
Refractive error due to an irregularity in the curvature of the cornea
69
Binocular vision
Normal ability of both eyes to focus on one object, and fuse the two images into 1
70
Blindness
Inability to see defined as corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or less or a visual field of no more than 20° in the better eye 
71
Cataract
Progressive opacity of the lens of the eye
72
Chemosis
Edema of the conjunctiva
73
Diplopia
Seeing one object as to synonym double vision
74
Ectropion
Turning out of the lower eyelid
75
Emmetropia
Normal refractive condition resulting in clear. Focus on retina; no optical Defects 
76
Endophthalmitis
Intraocular infection
77
Entropion
Turning of the lower eyelid
78
Enucleation
Removal of the eyeball and part of the optic nerve
79
Evisceration
Removal of the intraocular contents through a corneal or scleral incision; the optic nerve sclera extraocular muscles, and sometimes the cornea are left intact 
80
Exenteration
Surgical removal of the entire contents of the orbit surrounding soft tissue, and most or all of the eyelids
81
Exophthalmos
Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball
82
Glaucoma
Group of conditions characterized by increased intraocular pressure
83
Hyperemia
Red eyes resulting from dilation of the vasculature of the conjunctiva
84
Hyperopia
Farsightedness; light rays, focus behind the retina
85
Hyphema
Blood in the anterior chamber
86
Hypopyon
Collection of inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye
87
Injection
Congestion of blood vessels
88
Keratoconus
Cone shaped deformity of the cornea
89
Myopia
Nearsightedness; light rays, focus in front of the retina
90
Neovascularization
Growth of abnormal new blood vessels
91
Nystagmus
Involuntary oscillation of the eyeball
92
Papilledema
Swelling of the optic disc, usually due to increased intercranial pressure
93
Photophobia
Ocular pain on exposure to light
94
Presbyopia 
Loss of accommodate of power in the lens due to age
95
Ptosis
Drooping eyelid
96
Refraction
Determination of the refractive errors of the eye for the purpose of vision correction
97
Scotomas
Blind or partially blind areas in the visual field
98
Sympathetic ophthalmia 
An inflammatory condition created in the fellow, eye by the effected eye
99
Trachoma
An infectious disease caused by the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world
100
Trichiasis
Turning in of the eyelashes
101
Vitreous humor
Transparent, colorless, gelatin is material that fills the vitreous chamber behind the lens
102
Acute otitis media
Inflammation in the middle ear lasting less than six weeks
103
Cholesteatoma
Tumor of the middle ear or mastoid, or both that can destroy structures of the temporal bone
104
Chronic otitis media
Repeated episodes of acute otitis media, causing irreversible tissue damage
105
Conductive hearing loss
Loss of hearing in which efficient sound transmission to the inner ear is interrupted by some obstruction or disease process
106
Deaf culture
A community that consists of a group of people who are connected by their use of sign language
107
Deafness
Partial or complete loss of the ability to hear
108
Dizziness
Altered sensation of orientation in space
109
Endolymphatic hydrops 
Dilation of the endolymphatic space of the inner ear; the pathologic correlate of meniere’s disease
110
Exostises
Small, hard protrusions in the lower posterior bony portion of the ear canal
111
External otitis
Inflammation of the external auditory canal
112
Labyrinthitis
Inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear
113
Ménière’s disease condition of the inner ear characterized by a triad of symptoms
Episodic vertigo Tinnitus and fluctuating Sensorneural hearing loss
114
Middle ear effusion
Fluid in the middle ear without evidence of infection
115
Myringotomy
Incision in the tympanic membrane
116
Nystagmus
Involuntary rhythmic eye-movement
117
Ossiculoplasty
Surgical reconstruction of the middle ear bones to restore hearing
118
Otalgia
Sensation of fullness or pain in the ear
119
Otorrhea
Drainage from the ear
120
Otosclerosis
A condition characterized by abnormal spongy bone formation around the stapes
121
Presbycusis
Progressive hearing loss associated with aging
122
Rhinorrhea
Drainage from the nose
123
Sensorneural hearing loss
Loss of hearing related to damage to the end organ for hearing or cranial nerve eight or both
124
Tinnitus
Subjective perception of sound with internal origin; unwanted noise in the head or ear, most often described as ringing in the years
125
Tympanoplasty
Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane
126
Vertigo
Illusion of movement, in which the individual or the surroundings are sensed as moving
127
Agnosia
Loss of ability to recognize objects through a particular sensory system; it may be visual, auditory, or tactile
128
Ataxia
Inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting in difficulty in walking talking and performing self-care activities
129
Autonomic nervous system
Division of the nervous system that regulates the involuntary body functions
130
Axon
Portion of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body
131
Babinski reflex sign 
A reflex action of the toes; in adult is indicative of abnormalities in the motor control pathways, leading from the cerebral cortex
132
Clonus
Abnormal movement marked by alternating contraction and relaxation of a muscle occurring in rapid succession
133
Delirium
An acute confused state that begins with disorientation, and if not recognized and treated early, can progress to changes in level of consciousnes And sometimes death
134
Dendrite
Portion of the neuron that conducts impulses toward the cell body
135
Flaccidity
Displaying a lack of muscle tone;limp floppy
136
Parasympathetic nervous system
Division of the automatic nervous system, active primarily during non-stressful conditions, controlling, mostly visceral functions
137
Position sense
Postural sense 
Awareness a position of parts of the body without looking at them i.e. proprioception
138
Reflex
An automatic response to stimuli
139
Rigidity
Increase in muscle tone at rest, characterized by increased resistance to passive stretch
140
Romberg test
Test for cerebellar dysfunction that can be done with the patient seated or standing; inability to maintain position for 20 seconds is a positive test
141
Spasticity
Sustained increase in tension of a muscle, when it is passively length, and are stretched
142
Sympathetic nervous system
Division of the automatic nervous system with predominantly excitatory responses synonym the fight or flight system
143
Vertigo
 Illusion of movement, in which the individual are the surroundings or sensed as moving
144
Rule of nines
145
Major burns
146
Phases of burn injury management
147
Emergent burns
148
Fluid and electrolyte, shifts, emergent phase
149
Nursing in the emergent phase
150
Medical management of burns
151
Acute phase burns
152
Fluid and electrolyte shift acute phase
153
Nursing in the acute phase
154
Wound care burns
155
Pediatric Glasgow coma scale
156
Levels Of consciousness
157
Increased intercranial pressure
158
Nursing interventions, pediatric seizures
159
Ketogenic diet
160
Akinetic mutism
Unresponsiveness to the environment; the patient makes no movement or sound, but sometimes opens the eyes
161
Altered level of consciousness LOC
When a patient is not oriented, does not follow commands or needs persistent stimuli to achieve a state of alertness
162
Brain death
Irreversible loss of all function of the entire brain, including the brain stem
163
Coma
Prolonged state of unconsciousness
164
Craniectomy
A surgical procedure, that involves removal of a portion of the skull
165
Craniotomy
A surgical procedure that involves entry into the cranial vault
166
Cushing’s response
The brains attempt to restore blood flow by increasing arterial pressure to overcomes the increased intercranial pressure
167
Decrebration
An abnormal body posture associated with severe brain injury, characterized by extreme extension of the upper and lower extremities
168
Decortication
And abnormal posture associated with severe brain injury, characterized by abnormal Flexon of the upper extremities and extension of the lower extremities
169
Delirium
An acute confused state that begins with disorientation, and if not recognized and treated early, can progress to changes in level of consciousness, irreversible brain damage, and sometimes death
170
Dementia
Broad term for a syndrome, characterized by general decline and higher brain functioning, such as reasoning, with a pattern of eventual, decline in the ability to perform even basic activities of daily living, such as toileting and eating
171
Epilepsy
At least two unprovoked seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart
172
Herniation
Abnormal protrusion of tissue through a defect or natural opening
173
Intracranial pressure
Pressure exerted by the volume of the intracranial contents within the cranial vault
174
Locked in syndrome
Condition, resulting from a lesion in the pons in which the patient lacks all distal motor activity i.e. paralysis, but cognition is intact
175
Migraine
A severe unrelenting headache, often accompanied by symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances
176
Minimally conscious state
A state in which the patient demonstrates awareness, but cannot communicate thoughts or feelings
177
Monro-Kellie hypothesis
Theory that states that due to limited space for expansion within the skull, an increase in any one of the cranial Contant brain tissue blood or cerebrospinal fluid. CSF causes a change in the volume of the others.
178
Persistent, vegetative state
Condition in which the patient is wakeful, but devoid of conscious contact without cognitive or affective mental function
179
Primary headache
Headache, for which no specific organic cause can be found
180
Prestobulbar effect
Emotional disturbance characterized by uncontrollable episodes of crying or laughing or other emotional displays
181
Secondary headache
Headache identified as a symptom of another organic disorder, i.e. brain, tumor, hypertension
182
Seizures
Proximal transient disturbance of the brain resulting from a discharge of abnormal electrical activity
183
Status ellipticus 
Episode in which of the patient experiences multiple seizures with no recovery time in between
184
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy SUDEP
Non-traumatic non-drowning, unexpected, death of a patient with epilepsy
185
Transsphenoidal
Surgical approach to the pituitary via the Sphenoid sinuses
186
Autonomic dysreflexia
A life-threatening emergency in patients with spinal cord injury that causes a hypertensive emergency synonym automatic hyperreflexia
187
Complete spinal cord lesion
A condition that involves total loss of sensation and voluntary muscle control below the lesion
188
Concussion
A temporary loss of neurologic function with no apparent structural damage to the brain
189
Contusion
Bruising of the brain surface
190
Incomplete spinal cord lesion
A condition in which there is preservation of the sensory or motor fibers or both below the lesion
191
Neurogenic bladder
Bladder dysfunction that results from a disorder or dysfunction of the nervous system; may result in either urinary retention or bladder over activity
192
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower extremities with dysfunction of the bowel and bladder from a lesion in the thoracic lumbar sacral region of the spinal cord
193
Primary injury
Initial damage to the brain that results from the traumatic event
194
Secondary injury
An insult to the brain subsequent to the original traumatic event
195
Spinal cord injury, SCI
An injury to the spinal cord vertebral column supporting soft tissue are intervertebral disc caused by trauma
196
Tetraplegia
Varying degrees of paralysis of both arms and legs, with dysfunction of bowel and bladder from the lesion of the cervical segments of the spinal cord; formally called quadriplegia
197
Transection
Severing of the spinal cord; transaction can be complete all the way through the spinal cord, are in complete partially through
198
Traumatic brain injury
An injury to the skull or brain that is severe enough to interfere with normal functioning
199
Traumatic brain injury, closed, blunt
Occurs when the head accelerates, and then rapidly decelerates or collides with another object and brain tissue is damaged, but there is no opening through the skull and dura
200
Traumatic brain, injury, open, penetrating
Occurs when an object penetrates, the skull, enters the brain and damages, the soft brain tissue in its path, penetrating injury, or when blunt trauma to the head is so severe that it opens the scalp skull and Dura to expose the brain
201
Glasgow coma scale
202
Medication anticholinergics
203
Glaucoma treatment
204
General guidelines for ophthalmology drug therapy
205
Guidelines for communicating with the hearing impaired
206
Plan of care for a patient experiencing a seizure
207
Monitoring, antiepileptic drug therapy

208
Anti-epileptic drug valproic acid
209
Management of migraine, headaches
210
Nursing management of headache, education
211
Migraine medication’s
NSAIDS naproxen, sodium 
212
Migraine, medication, Aceta, medicine, aspirin, and caffeine
213
Migraine medication’s ergot alkaloid
214
Migraine medication serotonin 5HT agonist
215
Nursing implications serotonin Five HT agonist 
216
Stroke prevention
217
Manifestations of ischemic stroke 
218
Transient ischemic attack TIA
219
Eligibility criteria for tissue, plasminogen activator administration
220
Nursing management transient ischemic attack
221
Nursing process stroke assessment
222
Medical management acute phase of stroke
223
Nursing care acute stroke
224
Hemorrhagic stroke
225
Hemorrhagicum stroke manifestations
226
Preventative treatment and secondary prevention for strokes
227
Nursing care post, acute phase stroke
228
Hemorrhagic stroke assessment
229
Aneurysms precautions
230
Aneurysm assessment
231
Evaluation of expected outcomes, stroke aneurysm
232
Rash and legions primary legions
233
Rash and legions secondary lesions
234
Stages of melanomas
235
Squamous cell cancer
236
Basal cell cancer
237
Burn degrees
