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Test 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What aerobic testing are we going to do on children?

A

Bruce protocol (modified)

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2
Q

What anaerobic test should we preform in exercise testing on children?

A

Wingate

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3
Q

For general health/fitness assessment in children. What should you use?

A

Fitnessgram

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4
Q

Participation in the field test (Fitnessgram) should be limited to children who are —–?

A

Free of contraindications to exercise participation or testing

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5
Q

Considerations for exercise testing in children on ergometers and treadmills

A

They must be able to be adjusted to the child’s size

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6
Q

What are 3 reasons for terminating a clinical exercise test in children?

A
  1. When diagnostic findings have been established
  2. Failure of equipment
  3. Signs or symptoms appear that put the patient at risk
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7
Q

As the number of children that are overweight/obese increases, what else increases?

A

Increase in prevalence of chronic disease development

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8
Q

What are exercise testing difficulties in children?

A
  1. Children have smaller body size
  2. Attention span
  3. Children have a poor peak performance
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9
Q

Ways to assess bone mineral density?

A

DXA, CT/MRI, Ultrasound, Biomarkers

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10
Q

Normal bone mineral density?

A

> -1.0

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11
Q

How do we improve bone density?

A
  1. Plyometric training
  2. High intensity exercise
  3. Jumping
  4. Aerobic/strength
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12
Q

What is contraindicated in exercise testing in those with osteoporosis?

A 
Spinal flexion 
Kyphosis 
Balance/falls
Leg power 
Muscular strength
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13
Q

Preferred mode of exercise testing in those with osteoporosis?

A

Cycle ergometer

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14
Q

A circulatory condition in which narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

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15
Q

If you have PAD you are 6.6 times more likely to die of —?

A

CVD

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16
Q

Biggest sign/symptom of PAD?

A

Intermittent claudation

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17
Q

What does PAD result in?

A

Occlusions/ stenoses

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18
Q

A condition in which cramping pain in the leg is induced by exercise or sometimes physical activity; usually a result of artery obstruction

A

Claudication

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19
Q

What is the main thing that intermittent claudication does?

A

It limits physical activity

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20
Q

Blood flow (lowers or increases) to the extremities?

A

Lowers blood flow

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21
Q

Stage of PAD where you are asymptomatic?

A

Stage 1

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22
Q

Stage of PAD where you are pain free, but have claudication when walking more than 200 meters

A

Stage IIa

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23
Q

Stage of PAD: where you have pain at rest

A

Stage 3

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24
Q

Stage of PAD: where you just have intermittent claudication?

25
Stage of PAD: pain free, but claudication when walking less than 200 meters
Stage 2b
26
Stage of PAD: where you have gangrene and tissue loss
Stage 4
27
Is PAD exercise testing Low, Medium, or High risk?
High Risk
28
Primary mode of exercise testing in PAD patients?
Treadmill
29
Ankle/ brachial index is measured -----?
Bilaterally
30
What do you measure during an exercise test for PAD patients?
1. Pain during ambulation 2. ABI 3. Distance 4. Time 5. HR 6. BP 7. RPE 8. Vo2 Peak
31
What is a good vo2 peak for ADLs in those with PAD?
15 ml/kg/min
32
Loss of muscle tissue due to aging?
Sarcopenia
33
Neuromuscular changes can have a direct effect on age associated loss in muscle mass as a result of??
Structural changes in the neuromuscular junction
34
A generic term for conditions that involve inflammation of one or more joints
Arthritis
35
There are more than 100 different forms of arthritis, each is characterized by: --?
1. Varying degrees of joint damage 2. Restriction of movement 3. Functional limitation 4. Pain
36
Is the prevalence of arthritis higher in males or females?
Females
37
Leading cause of disability in United States
Arthritis
38
Common types of arthritis?
1. Osteoarthritis 2. Rheumatoid arthritis 3. Gout 4. Spondylarthropathies
39
Most common type of arthritis
Osteoarthritis
40
This usually affects hands, knees, hips, feet and spine
Osteoarthritis
41
Usually effects wrists and small joints of hands
Rheumatoid arthritis
42
Type of arthritis Triggered by faulty immune system
Rheumatoid
43
Form of arthritis characterized by sever pain, redness, and tenderness in joints
Gout
44
Any joint disease of the vertebral column
Spondlyarthropathies
45
Stages of arthritis?
Acute Chronic Chronic w/acute exacerbation of joint symptoms
46
Common negative effects of arthritis:
1. Exercise tolerance 2. Muscle strength 3. Aerobic capacity 4. Joint range of motion 5. Biomechanical efficiency 6. Proprioception
47
Anaerobic components that are different in children?
1. Glycogen stores are lower concentration 2. Lower PFK 3. Lower Phosphagen stores
48
How do we improve bone density?
1. Pylometrics 2. High intensity exercise 3. Jumping 4. Aerobic/strength
49
Common fracture sites in older adults?
1. Hip 2. Vertebrae 3. Distal forearm
50
What is contraindicated in people with osteoporosis?
``` Explosive movements High-impact stuff Dynamic ab exercises Excessive trunk flexion Twisting Trunk flexion ```
51
FITT for osteoporosis?
F- 3-5days I- 40-60%HRR T-30-60 min T- aerobic
52
Complication and considerations for sarcopenia?
``` Decreased PA Decreased adaptability Increased recovery time Decreased bone mass Impaired vision Comorbidities ```
53
Physiological changes in people with sarcopenia?
1. Decrease muscle fiber type 2. Decreased ATP storage 3. Decreased CP 4. Decreased glycogen storage 5. Decreased enzymes 6. Decreased muscular strength
54
What pulmonary, Thermoregulatory, and perceived exertion components of exercise are different in children?
1. Respiratory rate increase 2. Sweating rate is lower 3. Longer acclamation to heat 4. Faster cooling 5. Greater body core temp 6. RPE is easier
55
What Cardiorespiratory components are different in children compared to adults?
1. VO2max is lower 2. HR is higher 3. Max HR is higher 4. Blood flow is higher
56
What are some acute symptoms of arthritis?
Fatigue, joint pain, reduced joint nutrition
56
What are some chronic symptoms of arthritis?
Permanent joint damage, pain at the end of normal ROM, stiffness after rest, poor posture, abnormal gait
56
Non-pharmacological modalities for arthritis?
Education, PT, OT, Braces, Canes, walking aids, Ice, heat, weight reduction, shoe modification
56
Arthritis treatments with pharmacology
1. Analgesics 2. NSAIDs 3. DMARDs 4. Corticosteroids 5. Injections

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