Test 4 Flashcards
(132 cards)
_____ bud from RER with no ribosomes.
Vesicles
What is an organelle that is surrounded by a double membrane?
Autophagy
What are the roles of phagocytosis?
Uptake of large food particles by single celled organisms. Uptake and destruction of pathogens in animals.
The 3 major steps in phagocytosis include:
1 Plasma membrane folds enclose the food or pathogens.
- The folds fuse to produce a vacuole or phagosome that pinches off inwardly.
- Phagosomes fuse with a lysosome and the material is digested.
In the Cisternal Maturation Model, Golgi enzymes are carried in a _____ direction in what? While Cargo is moved ___ and is what?
retrograde, transportation vesicles; in and is restricted to cisternae.
What is a family of small GTP-binding proteins that specifically tether vesicles to targets by recruiting tethering proteins?
Rabs
_____ constitute a family of more than 35 membrane proteins.
SNAREs
The toxins responsible for ______ and ____ act as proteases whose only known substrates are specific SNAREs.
botulism and tetanus
Cleavage of the SNAREs that are specific to boulism and tetanus prevent the ___________ and ___________. Both toxins cause paralysis and cause death.
fusion of vesicles, release of neurotransmitters
a lipid carrier molecule on which oligosaccharides are assembled prior to transfer to specific asparagine residues on ER membrane proteins
Dolichol Phosphate
The sequence of Dolichol Phosphate sugars depends on the sequence of _________ that participate in making the oligosaccharide and the location of the specific enzymes within the membranes of the secretory pathway.
glycosyltransferases
During Glycosylation in the Golgi Complex, most ________ are removed and ____ are added sequentially by glycotransferases as in the ER.
mannose residues, sugars
Sugars added during Glycosylation in the Golgi Complex are added to the ______ attached to the ______.
oligosaccharide, polypeptide
Glycosylation in the Golgi Complex occurs as the ___________.
polypeptide moves through the stacks
What can result due to Glycosylation in the Golgi Complex?
Varied oligosaccharides
The Golgi complex is the site of Glycosylation and the ___________ including glucosaminoglycan chains of proteoglycans, pectins and hemicellulose.
synthesis of complex carbohydrates
______ move materials from the ER “forward” to the ERGIC (ERG intermediate complex) and Golgi complex.
COPII-coated vesicles
COPI-coated vesicles move materials in a ______ direction from the Golgi complex to the ERGIC and ER, and from the Trans Golgi cisternae to the cis cisternae.
retrograde
________ move materials from the TGN to endosomes, lysosomes, and vacuoles.
Clatherin-coated vesicles
For maintenance of organelle membrane proteins, ________ are excluded from transport vesicles.
Resident proteins
_____ are short amino acid sequences that bind receptors which capture the protein and return them to the ER in COPI-coated vesicles.
Retrieval sequences
_____ consists of three light and three heavy chains joined to form a three legged triskelion. Each leg of the triskelion extends along two edges of a polygon.
Clathrin
Each leg of clathrin ends in a ____________ where it engages an adaptor.
hook that projects toward the surface
The adaptor at the end of a clathrin leg is a __________ that attaches to the _____.
transmembrane protein, lignin