Test 4 Flashcards
The preparedness theory of phobia suggests that:
A. there is a critical time period in which the body prepares for a phobic episode
B. we learn to fear objects because of classical conditioning
C. more women than men experience phobic disorders
D. we are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears
D. we are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia appear to be produced by
A. extremely low levels of dopamine.
B. extremely high levels of dopamine.
C. neuroanatomical deficits.
D. the gene for schizophrenia.
C. neuroanatomical deficits.
The various psychotropic medications that influence neurotransmitter levels in the synaptic cleft do so by
A. an excitatory effect
B. an inhibitory effect
C. preventiing the breakdown of released neurotransmitters
D. all of the options apply
D. all of the options apply
________ is characterized by the presence within an individual of two or more distinct identities that at different times take control of the individual’s behavior.
A. Dissociative identity disorder
B. Dissociative amnesia
C. Dissociative fugue
D. Schizophrenia
A. Dissociative identity disorder
The existence of critical and sensitive periods illustrates the fact that human development requires a(n) __________ between maturation and environmental stimulation.
A. parallelism
B. segregation
C. dependency
D. interaction
D. interaction
Rogers encouraged therapists to demonstrate three basic qualities. Which of the following is one of the three that he identified.
A. discrepancy.
B. actualization.
C. congruence.
D. irrationality.
C. congruence.
A child who is in the concrete operational stage of cognitive development can do all of the following EXCEPT
A. conserve volume.
B. conserve number.
C. reason symbolically.
D. reason hypothetically.
D. reason hypothetically.
Anna-Karina hears voices in her head that tell her what to do and what to say. She is experiencing
A. delusions.
B. hallucinations.
C. thought distortions.
D. compulsions.
B. hallucinations.
Sigmund Freud used all the following methods to tap into the unconscious except:
A. hypnosis
B. free association
C. desensitization
D. dream analysis
C. desensitization
The diathesis-stress model of mental disorders holds that mental disorders are due to the interaction of
A. environment and stressors.
B. genetic and physiological variables.
C. genetic variables and predisposition.
D. a genetic predisposition and stressors.
D. a genetic predisposition and stressors.
Erin is a neuropsychologist who specializes in researching mental disorders. She views most disorders as being due to the interaction of stress with a predisposition that reflects the combination of genes and early experience. Erin subscribes to the __________ model of mental disorders.
A. genotype-phenotype
B. medical-psychodynamic
C. ultimate-proximate
D. diathesis-stress
D. diathesis-stress
Consider the brief transcript that follows, which was taken from a session with a therapist (T) involving a 19-year-old college student (C) suffering from anxiety. C: “Sometimes I can’t stand school. There’s so much pressure and so many tests and papers; the work never seems to end. There’s always another deadline to meet. It’s really getting to me.” T: Sounds to me like you’re saying that you need a break, perhaps a long weekend at the beach?” What therapeutic technique did the therapist demonstrate?
A. Systematic desensitization
B. Cognitive restructuring
C. Reflection
D. Congruence
C. Reflection
One day Satsu realized that a horse was not really a “big doggie” but a different animal called a “horse.” This is an example of
A. schematic knowledge.
B. adaptation.
C. accommodation.
D. assimilation.
C. accommodation.
Diathesis can be defined as:
A. a triggering event such as stress
B. a disease
C. a predisposition for a disease
D. the heritability of a disease
C. a predisposition for a disease
An individual in the manic phase of bipolar disorder sometimes may have hallucinations or delusions, and therefore the disorder may be misdiagnosed as:
A. paranoid personality disorder
B. dissociative fugue
C. schizophrenia
D. dissociative identity disorder
C. schizophrenia
Modern intelligence testing originated in __________ with the work of __________.
A. France; Binet
B. the United States; Terman
C. Germany; Pearson
D. England; Spearman
A. France; Binet
The ability to generate solutions that other people tend not to generate is what Sternberg called:
A. analytic intelligence
B. creative intelligence
C. practical intelligence
D. crystallized intelligence
B. creative intelligence
__________ refers to a social and emotional bond between an infant and his or her caregiver.
A. Exchange
B. Bonding
C. Love
D. Attachment
D. Attachment
The heritability coefficient of intelligence is roughly 0.5, meaning:
A. 50% chance of intelligence due to genetics and 50% is due to environmental factors.
B. 50% chance of intelligence due to genetics and 50% is due to unspecified factors.
C. intelligence is completely determined by genes in 50% of the population
D. in a large population, about 50% of the variability in intelligence scores can be explained by genetic differences
D. in a large population, about 50% of the variability in intelligence scores can be explained by genetic differences
The first episode of schizophrenia typically occurs in which age group?
A. infancy to childhood
B. childhood to adolescence
C. late adolescence to early adulthood
D. adulthood
C. late adolescence to early adulthood
________ believed that intelligence is a single general ability, whereas _________ believed that people do not have a single general ability called intelligence, but instead have several primary mental abilities.
A. Charles Spearman; Louis Thurstone
B. Wilhelm Wundt; Howard Gardner
C. Lewis Terman; Alfred Binet
D. Louis Thrustone; William Stern
A. Charles Spearman; Louis Thurstone
Which of the following is sometimes used as a treatment for severe depression when medication is not working?
A. cingulotomy
B. anterior capsulotomy
C. electroconvulsive shock treatment (ECT)
D. lobotomy
C. electroconvulsive shock treatment (ECT)
Piaget’s concept of egocentrism refers to the child’s
A. belief that she or he is more important than anyone else.
B. desire to be at the center of every else’s interest.
C. belief that others see the world exactly as she or he does.
D. assumption that everyone understands what she or he is saying.
C. belief that others see the world exactly as she or he does.
________ is characterized by the presence within an individual of two or more distinct identities that at different times take control of the individual’s behavior.
A. Dissociative identity disorder
B. Dissociative amnesia
C. Dissociative fugue
D. Schizophrenia
A. Dissociative identity disorder
With respect to the medical model of disease, etiology is defined as:
A. the typical course of the disease
B. the susceptibility of a disease to treatment and cure
C. a pattern of causes of disease
D. the classification of disease
C. a pattern of causes of disease
Hair and eye color are a function of the ____________ effect of genes in relation to the environment
A. independent
B. correlated
C. interactive
D. none of the options apply
A. independent
personality disorders comprise 3 subgroups - these are:
A. paranoid behavior; schizotypal behavior; schizoid behavior
B. odd/eccentric behavior; dramatic/emotional behavior; anxious/fearful behavior
C. histrionic behavior; narcissistic behavior; borderline behavior
D. avoidant behavior; dependent behavior; obsessive compulsive behavior
B. odd/eccentric behavior; dramatic/emotional behavior; anxious/fearful behavior
Thurstones understanding of intelligence could be described as fitting in which of the following categories:
A. monarchic
B. oligarchic
C. hierarchical
D. none of the options apply
B. oligarchic
In the Strange Situation, an infant who shows distress when his mother leaves and pushes her away when she returns is considered to be __________ attached.
A. securely
B. disorganizedly
C. avoidantly
D. ambivalently
D. ambivalently
According to Erikson, a negative outcome of the adolescent crisis is
A. low self-esteem.
B. insecurity.
C. stagnation.
D. a confused of self.
D. a confused of self.
The tendency of clients in psychoanalysis to project their attitudes and emotions onto the therapist as a result of “reliving” some of their unpleasant childhood experiences is called
A. projection.
B. displacement.
C. countertransference.
D. transference.
D. transference.
Which statement is TRUE?
A. Half of your best friend’s intelligence is due to her genes and half is due to her experiences
B. the heritability of intelligence is about 0.5 for both poor and rich children
C. across all populations, about 50% of the difference between people’s intelligence test scores is due to differences in environmental factors
D. the heritability coefficient tells us how much of each person’s intelligence is due to environment and how much is due to heredity
C. across all populations, about 50% of the difference between people’s intelligence test scores is due to differences in environmental factors
A statistic that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s scores that can be explained by the differences in their genetic makeup is called:
A. the heritability coefficient
B. the two-factor theory of intelligence
C. analysis of variance
D. factor analysis
A. the heritability coefficient
Pharmacotherapy for mental disorders is
A. only effective for those disorders with negative symptoms.
B. still controversial and has only limited application.
C. a panacea.
D. a form of treatment, not a cure.
D. a form of treatment, not a cure.
Quantitative development is to ____________ as qualitative development is to ____________.
A. discrete stage like development; continuous, gradual development
B. continuous, gradual development; discrete stage like development
C. gradual, discrete development; stage like, continuous development
D. gradual, linear development; continuous, smooth development
B. continuous, gradual development; discrete stage like development
A person who argues that it is immoral to execute criminals because life is the most important human value is most likely to be in Kohlberg’s __________ stage of moral development.
A. 6th
B. 4th
C. 7th
D. 3rd
A. 6th
Assimilation is to __________ as accommodation is to __________.
A. conservation; object permanence
B. incorporation; modification
C. sensorimotor; preoperational
D. concrete; formal
B. incorporation; modification
The class of drugs used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia is referred to as:
A. sedatives
B. barbiturates
C. antipsychotics
D. mood stabilizers
C. antipsychotics
Humanistic is to __________ as cognitive-behavioral is to __________.
A. intrinsic value; unique potential
B. defense mechanisms; cultural-bound syndromes
C. biological abnormality; intrapsychic conflict
D. oversensitivity to criticism; subjective interpretation and environmental factors
D. oversensitivity to criticism; subjective interpretation and environmental factors
The idea that quantitative properties of an object are invariant despite changes in the object’s appearance is what Jean Piaget termed:
A. conservation
B. object permanence
C. assimilation
D. accommodation
A. conservation
For a test to be valid, it would have to
A. none of the options apply
B. actually measure the construct it is intended to measure
C. consistently produce similar results
D. be a reliable measure
B. actually measure the construct it is intended to measure
Piaget argued that at the process pivotal to the move from one developmental stage to the next was that of
A. both assimilation and accomodation
B. assimilation
C. accomodation
D. equilibration
D. equilibration
The fact that anti-psychotic medications are not effective in reducing the negative symptoms of schizohprenia leads to the conclusion that
A. the negative symptoms are a function of environmental factors.
B. the negative symptoms are a function of neuranaotomical deficits.
C. the negative symptoms are a function of neurotransmitter deficits.
D. the negative symptoms are a function of interpersonal factors.
B. the negative symptoms are a function of neuranaotomical deficits.
A specific time during development in which a certain experience must occur in order for the individual to develop normally is called a __________ period.
A. sensitive
B. critical
C. necessary
D. key
A. sensitive
B. critical
_______is widely considered to be the father of modern developmental psychology.
A. Harry Harlow
B. Wilhelm Wundt
C. Jean Piaget
D. Lawrence Kohlberg
C. Jean Piaget
The psychodynamic perspective conceives of psychopathology as comprising 3 broad classes - these are:
A. neuroses, psychoses, and schizophrenia
B. neuroses, personality disorders, and psychoses
C. psychoses, personality disorders, and mood disorders
D. mood disorders, personality disorders, and anxiety disorders
B. neuroses, personality disorders, and psychoses
The DSM-IV-TR is most consistent with which of the following perspectives?
A. Humanistic
B. Medical
C. Cognitive-behavioral
D. Sociocultural
B. Medical
Steve spilled soda on the carpet after his dad told him not to take it into the living room. His dad sees the mess, puts his arm around Steve, and explains that he is upset about the spill, that Steve should have listened to him, and that he made a mistake. He then asks Steve to help clean up the mess. What kind of parent is Steve’s dad MOST likely to be?
A. Responsive
B. Permissive
C. Authoritative-reciprocal
D. autocratic
C. Authoritative-reciprocal
Both __________ disorder and __________ disorder are part of the category of anxiety disorders.
A. obsessive-compulsive; schizophrenic
B. attention-deficit; phobic
C. panic; obsessive-compulsive
D. panic; autistic
C. panic; obsessive-compulsive
The __________ developed byAinsworth is used to test __________ in infants.
A. Strange Situation; anxiety
B. Situation Sort; social bonding
C. attachment quotient; social bonding and anxiety
D. Strange Situation; attachment
D. Strange Situation; attachment
__________, which is __________ than major depressive disorder, lasts _________.
A. Dysthymia; more severe; at least 2 years
B. Dysthymia; less severe; at least 2 years
C. Dysthymia; more severe; at least 2 weeks
D. Dysthymia; less severe; at least 2 weeks
B. Dysthymia; less severe; at least 2 years
Dysthymia is to ______________ as hypomania is to ____________.
A. major depression; mania
B. seasonal affective disorder; depression
C. bipolar II; seasonal affective disorder
D. none of the options apply
A. major depression; mania
Animals have been shown to experience ___________ periods whereas humans are thought to experience __________ periods in their development.
A. critical: sensitive
B. sensitive; critical
C. crucial; critical
D. sensitive; crucial
A. critical: sensitive
Through accommodation, infants
A. compensate for their lack of experience in communicating their needs to others.
B. transform new information to fit existing schemats.
C. modify existing schemas to fit new information.
D. apply existing information to new information.
C. modify existing schemas to fit new information.
The therapy procedure that begins with the client making a list of stimuli that are ranked in order of their ability to produce anxiety is called
A. rational-emotive therapy.
B. systematic desensitization.
C. modeling.
D. aversion therapy.
B. systematic desensitization.
Exposure techniques such as systematic desensitization, flooding, and graded exposure are based on the principles of
A. classical conditioning
B. modeling
C. operant conditioning
D. social learning
A. classical conditioning
Which three factors are critical to the field of intelligence testing?
A. validity, stability, reliability
B. validity, accuracy, reliability
C. standardization, stability, reliability
D. validity, standardization, reliability
D. validity, standardization, reliability
A person who is self-promoting, shows little empathy for others, and seeks attention in grandiose ways for the self is exhibiting symptoms of __________ personality disorder.
A. narcissistic
B. passive-aggressive
C. histrionic
D. avoidant
A. narcissistic
Nowadays, development is understood to be both quantitative and qualitative in nature - in particular, develpment in childhood is thought to be _________ while in adulthood it is considered to be _________.
A. quantitative, qualitative
B. slow and gradual, discrete and sequential
C. none of the options apply
D. qualitative, quantitative
D. qualitative, quantitative
The psychotropic medications that are ffective inreducing the positive symptoms of schizophrenia are understood to influence the levels of which neurotransmitter?
A. norepinephrine
B. dopamine
C. testostorone
D. seratonin
B. dopamine
In a patient with schizophrenia, lack of emotion is a ________, whereas hallucinating is a ________.
A. flat affect; manic expression
B. medial symptom; positive symptom
C. negative symptom; positive symptom
D. negative symptom; manic expression
C. negative symptom; positive symptom
In a(n) __________ study of social development, the researcher obtains data from different groups of individuals.
A. sequential
B. longitudinal.
C. longitudinal
D. cross-sectional.
D. cross-sectional.
Toddler Jake shows severe signs of distress when his mother leaves. When she returns, he pushes her away. Jake is manifesting the characteristics of ____________ attachment.
A. disorganized
B. ambivalent
C. avoidant
D. secure
B. ambivalent
Harlow’s research with infant monkey’s and mechanical surrogate mothers showed that the monkeys have a biological need for
A. crying
B. playing
C. contact comfort
D. sucking
C. contact comfort
Anna-Karina hears voices in her head that tell her what to do and what to say. She is experiencing
A. hallucinations.
B. delusions.
C. compulsions.
D. thought distortions.
A. hallucinations.
Which of the following is NOT a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
A. social withdrawal
B. hallucinations
C. lack of emotion
D. poverty of speech
B. hallucinations
During therapy, Marie begins to react to her psychoanalytic therapist as she typically does to her mother. Marie is probably experiencing:
A. a reaction formation
B. countertransference
C. transference
D. resistance
C. transference
Which of the following disorders is characteristically understood to be e response to overwhelming psychic pain/trauma?
A. Phobias
B. Schizophrenia
C. Dissociative identity diorder
D. Major depression
C. Dissociative identity diorder
Annie appears rather dazed in interaction with her mother and seems contradictory in her behavior, showing no emotion when held though she stops crying when picked up. She is showing __________ attachment.
A. resistant
B. avoidant
C. secure
D. disoriented
D. disoriented
The end of the __________ period of cognitive development coincides with the beginning of adolescence.
A. sensorimotor
B. formal operational
C. preoperational
D. concrete operational
D. concrete operational
A short-term side effect of treating schizophrenia with antipsychotic drugs, such as the phenothiazines, is the production of symptoms that are characteristic of
A. multiple sclerosis.
B. cri-du-chat syndrome.
C. Down syndrome.
D. Parkinson’s disease.
D. Parkinson’s disease.
Research using the strange situation has demonstrated that a majority of American infants display a(n):
A. avoidant attachment style
B. secure attachment style
C. ambivalent attachment style
D. disorganized attachement style
B. secure attachment style
Which of the following mental disorders shows the poorest prognosis
A. anxiety disorders
B. cyclothymia
C. mood disorders
D. schizophrenia
D. schizophrenia
The self develops as a function of which set of processes
A. reflected appraisal, others perception, self esteem, and social identity(others/surroundings)
B. self perception, culture, genetics, and social identity(others/surroundings)
C. reflected appraisal, self perception, self esteem, and social identity(thers/surroundings)
D. reflected appraisal, self perception, culture, and social identity (others/surroundings)
D. reflected appraisal, self perception, culture, and social identity (others/surroundings)
Which therapy is oriented toward applying principles of learning derived from laboratory research to helping people solve their problems through therapy?
A. Rational-emotive therapy
B. Psychodynamic therapy
C. Cognitive-behavior therapy
D. Client-centered therapy
C. Cognitive-behavior therapy
Mental health professionals holding the medical perspective view mental disorders to be the result of
A. oversensitivity to the demands and criticisms of others.
B. learned maladaptive behavior patterns.
C. intrapsychic conflict.
D. malfunctioning of the brain and nervous system.
D. malfunctioning of the brain and nervous system.
In class we discussed the fact that genetic factors account for approximately what percentage of the population variation in intelligence?
A. 25 to 40%
B. 10%
C. 50 to 75%
D. we cannot tell
C. 50 to 75%
According to Piaget, when children learn that taking turns while playing a game is an example of fairness, they have shifted their moral perspective from:
A. rules to consequences
B. realism to relativism
C. prescriptions to principles
D. outcomes to intentions
C. prescriptions to principles
Consistent with Vygotsky’s concept of __________, the child-parent partnership works best when parents provide scaffolding of the child’s development.
A. equilibration;
B. zone of proximal development
C. actual development;
D. assimilation;
B. zone of proximal development
Mental health professionals holding the humanistic perspective view mental disorders to be the result of
A. oversensitivity to the demands and criticisms of others.
B. learned maladaptive behavior patterns.
C. malfunctioning of the brain and nervous system.
D. intrapsychic conflict.
A. oversensitivity to the demands and criticisms of others.
The approach to mental disorders that shifts the focus from the mental to the physiological level of analysis is the
A. medical model
B. cognitive-behavioral
C. sociocultural
D. psychodynamic
A. medical model
Josh constantly complains about fatigue, muscle tension and sleep problems. He is irritable, worries incessantly about the little things that cause others in his family no concern and has trouble concentrating. From these symptoms it is likely that Josh has:
A. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B. major depression
C. bipolar disorder
D. dissociative disorder
A. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Pat finds herself worrying about most things in her life, from whether her children are safe drivers to making the right decision on refinancing her home, what to fix for dinner, and whether her husband is faithful. Pat is worrying has begun to interfere with her sleep. Pat more likely has which of the following disorders?
A. dysthymia
B. Obsessive compulsive disorder
C. Generalized Anxiety disorder
D. panic disorder
C. Generalized Anxiety disorder
Erikson reasoned that __________ development occurs as a result of the way in which individuals resolve __________ .
A. social; moral dilemmas
B. moral; interpersonal crises
C. psychosocial; interpersonal crises
D. moral; moral dilemmas
C. psychosocial; interpersonal crises
The kind of therapy that is directed at providing people with insight into their unconscious motivations and impulses is called
A. rational-emotive therapy.
B. cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C. psychoanalysis.
D. client-centered therapy.
C. psychoanalysis.
For developmental psychologists, theory of mind refers to the child’s ability to understand that
A. his or her beliefs predict his or her actions.
B. his or her beliefs predict other people’s actions.
C. other people’s experiences are related to their beliefs and perspectives.
D. the mind is a space in which thinking and problem solving occurs.
C. other people’s experiences are related to their beliefs and perspectives.
A major difference between authoritative-reciprocal and autocratic parents is that authoritative parents
A. never use punishment.
B. impose few rules.
C. explain the rules to their children.
D. establish firm rules.
C. explain the rules to their children.
Rogers referred to the difference between the real and ideal perceptions of the self as
A. irrationality.
B. incongruence.
C. actualization.
D. discrepancy.
B. incongruence.
The key feature of any mental disorder is the extent to which it is
A. unusual.
B. maladaptive and disruptive.
C. abnormal.
D. unpredictable.
B. maladaptive and disruptive.
The technique, frequently used by cognitive therapists, of teaching clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace them with more realistic beliefs is called:
A. cognitive dissonance.
B. cognitive restructuring.
C. mindfulness meditation.
D. desensitization.
B. cognitive restructuring.
The strange situation test measures a child’s:
A. problem-solving ability when given a novel cognitive stimulus
B. preference for toys covered in cloth or wire mesh
C. reaction on the first day of school
D. attachment style
D. attachment style
Amarta is being treated for a major mental disorder. A few times each week, he is anesthetized and temporarily paralyzed before seizures are induced. Amarta is undergoing
A. psychosurgery.
B. ECT.
C. antianxiety therapy.
D. radical reparative therapy.
B. ECT.
The psychotropic medications that are affective in reducing the positive symptoms of schizophrenia are understood to influence the levels of which neurotransmitter?
A. norepinephrine
B. seratonin
C. testostorone
D. dopamine
D. dopamine
Crystalized intelligence
A. is the ability to deal with novel problems
B. none of the options apply
C. requires speed, fluency, and flexibility
D. declines with age
B. none of the options apply
C. requires speed, fluency, and flexibility
Erikson reasoned that __________ development occurs as a result of the way in which individuals resolve __________ .
A. moral; moral dilemmas
B. psychosocial; interpersonal crises
C. social; moral dilemmas
D. moral; interpersonal crises
B. psychosocial; interpersonal crises
What is the therapeutic procedure called that encourages people to speak freely without fear of being criticized by the therapist by asking them to respond without censorship to words?
A. Free association
B. Countertransference
C. Transference
D. Reflection
A. Free association
When children begin to realize that groups of people can agree to adopt, change, or abandon some moral rules, they are in what stage of moral thinking, according to Piaget?
A. autonomous morality
B. principled morality
C. realism
D. relativism
D. relativism
The primary function of the Global Assessment of Functioning scale is to assess the
A. severity of the stressors in a person’s life.
B. extent to which one’s quality of life is impaired.
C. individual’s genetic background.
D. extent to which a psychological disorder is physical.
B. extent to which one’s quality of life is impaired.
When placed in the Strange Situation, Stanley becomes a bit distressed when his mother leaves, but calms down as soon as she returns. Stanley appears to be a(n) __________ attached infant.
A. securely
B. restrictedly
C. avoidantly
D. resistantly
A. securely
Which of the following options are an example of the effects of the interactive relationship between genes and environment.
A. language
B. none of the options apply
C. eye color
D. anxiety disorders
D. anxiety disorders
The typical side effect(s) that are seen in the antidepressant medications are
A. sleep disturbances and sexual dysfunction
B. tardive dyskinesia
C. none of the options apply
D. drug abuse
A. sleep disturbances and sexual dysfunction
Your 3-year-old niece is playing hide-and-seek with you. When it is her turn to hide, she goes into the corner, turns her back on you and closes her eyes, believing that now you cannot see her. She is demonstrating __________, typical of children in the __________ stage.
A. egocentrism; preoperational
B. object permanence; sensorimotor
C. conservation; preoperational
D. hypothetical thinking; formal operational
A. egocentrism; preoperational
___________ is characterized by the sudden loss of memory accompanied by an abrupt departure from home and even the assumption of a new identity.
A. dissociative identity disorder
B. bipolar disorder
C. dissociative fugue
D. dissociative amnesia
C. dissociative fugue
Humanistic and existential therapies share the assumption that psychological problems stem from:
A. feelings of alienation and loneliness
B. early childhood experiences
C. an external locus of control
D. overuse of defense mechanisms
A. feelings of alienation and loneliness
During the 1950’s, drugs were discovered that could reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia by _________ levels of the neurotransmitter _________.
A. lowering; dopamine
B. increasing; dopamine
C. lowering; serotonin
D. increasing; serotonin
A. lowering; dopamine
All the following are anxiety disorders except:
A. phobic disorders.
B. obsessive-manic disorder.
C. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D. generalized anxiety disorder.
B. obsessive-manic disorder.
Recognizing that mental disorder exists along a continuum from normal to abnormal, the DSM recommends that any diagnosis include a(n)
A. through physical examination by a medical doctor
B. screen for mood disorders
C. intelligence test
D. global assessment of functioning
D. global assessment of functioning
The nature of the relationship between genes and environment can be manifested __________, __________, or _____________.
A. independently, dependently, correlatively
B. independently, interactively, correlatively
C. dependently, interactively, correlatively
D. independently, interactively, exponentially
B. independently, interactively, correlatively
An individual who has been diagnosed as having __________ would probably describe his or her life as being empty, hopeless, miserable, and worthless.
A. bipolar I disorder
B. schizophrenia
C. major depressive disorder
D. cyclothymia
C. major depressive disorder
to prevent side effects, patients on lithium must regularly:
A. increase the dosage to compensate for the tolerance
B. cucle on and off the medication
C. have blood levels of medications checked
D. consume a diet low in protein
C. have blood levels of medications checked
The conceptualization of psychological abnormalities as diseases that, like biological diseases, have symptoms, causes, and possible cures is known as the:
A. biopsychosocial model.
B. medical model.
C. DSM model.
D. prescriptive model.
B. medical model.
Therapy that helps the client reduce the discrepancy between his or her real self and ideal self is called
A. client-centered therapy.
B. rational-emotive therapy.
C. Gestalt therapy.
D. psychodynamic therapy.
A. client-centered therapy.
Rudy has been undergoing therapy for the past several months. During the therapy sessions, his therapist has asked him to “Just talk about anything that comes to mind.” She has also asked him about his dreams. Most likely, Rudy’s therapist is a __________ therapist.
A. client-centered
B. cognitive-behavioral
C. psychoanalyst or psychodynamic
D. rational-emotive
C. psychoanalyst or psychodynamic
The creators of the first intelligence tests were:
A. Henry Goddard and Louis Thrustone
B. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
C. Theodore Simon and Charles Spearman
D. Louis Thurstone and Leland Stanford
B. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
Harry Harlow studied _____ in order to learn more about the importance of caregivers in social development
A. infants in orphanages
B. members of the Piraha tribe
C. adopted children
D. socially isolated rhesus monkeys
D. socially isolated rhesus monkeys
Over the past 9 months, Trisha has become lethargic and has stopped working out at the gym (and as a consequence has gained considerable weight). Previously full of energy and curiosity, she now shows a lack of interest in virtually everything, even sex. It is likely that Trisha is suffering from a:
A. personality disorder
B. dissociative disorder
C. mood disorder
D. generalized anxiety disorder
C. mood disorder
The self develops as a function of which set of processes
A. reflected appraisal, self perception, culture, and social identity (others/surroundings)
B. reflected appraisal, others perception, self esteem, and social identity(others/surroundings)
C. reflected appraisal, self perception, self esteem, and social identity(thers/surroundings)
D. self perception, culture, genetics, and social identity(others/surroundings)
A. reflected appraisal, self perception, culture, and social identity (others/surroundings)
The goal of the analysis of transference in the psychodynamic tradition is to gain insight in the clients
A. object relations.
B. ego.
C. none of the options apply.
D. preconscious.
A. object relations.
Lithium carbonate is most effective in the treatment of
A. phobias.
B. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C. schizophrenia.
D. the bipolar disorders.
D. the bipolar disorders.
Countertransference is to __________ as transference is to __________.
A. counterresistance; resistance
B. rationalization; projection
C. projection; sublimation
D. the therapist; the client
D. the therapist; the client
