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Psychopharm > Test 4: Anxiety > Flashcards

Test 4: Anxiety Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What percentage of Americans suffer from anxiety?

A

18

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2
Q

__% of patients with MDD display anxiety disorders

A

58

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3
Q

[fear/anxiety] is a stress response from immediate danger

A

fear

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4
Q

[fear/anxiety] is a stress response from your thoughts

A

anxiety

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5
Q

structure deep within temporal lobes, major component of emotional processing neural circuitry including limbic cortices, hypothalamus, and hippocampus

A

amygdala

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6
Q

anxiety circuitry evaluates stimuli then directs appropriate response via ___

A

amygdala

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7
Q

What is the function of the lateral nucleus in the amygdala?

A

processes information

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8
Q

What is the function of the central nucleus in the amygdala?

A

orchestrating response

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9
Q

__ cells in the dorsal pons contact the limbic system to increase anxiety and panic

A

norepinephrine

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10
Q

[increased/decreased] firing of LC NE neurons in response to anxiety provoking stimuli, electrical stimulation of LC, or application of NE inhibitory autoreceptor antagonist increases fear and panic behavior

A

increased

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11
Q

panic disorder and PTSD patients have [increased/decreased] NE

A

increased

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12
Q

therapeutic agents that reduce anxiety (BDZ, SSRI, TC) [increase/reduce] LC firing and NE function

A

reduce

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13
Q

GABA A receptor is a __ channel and causes __

A

chloride, hyperpolarization

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14
Q

sedatives/hypnotics [enhance/decrease] GABA A function to cause sedation and reduce anxiety

A

enhance

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15
Q

[BDZ/BAR or ETOH/neurosteroids] bind to modulatory sites on receptor (not GABA site)

A

BDZ/BAR

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16
Q

[BDZ/BAR or ETOH/neurosteroids] binds to distinct area of GABA A receptor (not GABA site)

A

ETOH/neurosteroids

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17
Q

BDZ, BAR, ETOH, and neurosteroids are all positive ____ modulators for GABA

A

allosteric

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18
Q

Which GABA modulating drug is the most clinically useful?

A

BDZ

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19
Q

BDZ sites are widely distributed in the brain with a high concentration in __, __, and __

A

amygdala, limbic areas, PFC

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20
Q

BDZ agonists [increase/decrease] Cl- current

A

increase

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21
Q

BDZ agonists [increase/decrease] anxiety, arousal, seizures

A

decrease

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22
Q

BDZ antagonists cause cellular [excitation/inhibition]

A

excitation

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23
Q

BDZ inverse agonists uncouple GABA receptors from __ channels so GABA is less effective in causing entry of __ into cells - increases [excitation/inhibition]

A

Cl-, excitation

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24
Q

GABA or GABA agonist in which brain area reduces anxiety?

A

amygdala

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25
many anxiolytics are CNS depressants of the __ class
sedative-hypnotic
26
anxiolytics function to [increase/decrease] neuronal excitations
decrease
27
4 side effects of anxiolytics
drowsiness/sedation, mental clouding, incoordination, prolonged reaction time
28
GABA A receptors are __ channels
Cl-
29
GABA agonists produce __, create [EPSP/IPSP] and [excite/inhibit] cell firing
hyperpolarization, IPSP, inhibit
30
BAR [can/cannot] directly open GABA A channels without GABA
can
31
Differences in structure complexity of BAR due to ___
side chain
32
differences in complexity of BAR responsible for differences in ___
lipid solubility
33
differences in BAR lipid solubility determine __ and __ of action
onset and duration
34
three classes of BAR
ultrashort acting, short/intermediate acting, long acting
35
ultrashort acting BAR is __ lipid soluble
highly
36
short/intermediate acting BAR are __ lipid soluble
moderately
37
long acting BAR have __ lipid solubility
poor
38
4 side effects of BAR
non restful sleep, cognitive side effects, physical dependence and abuse, pharmacokinetic increase in liver enzymes
39
first BDZ
librium
40
BDZ increases __ of receptor for __
affinity, GABA
41
BDZ [can/cannot] directly open GABA A channels without GABA
cannot
42
BDZ binding to ___ receptor modulates clinical efficacy of drug
GABA A
43
BDZ that require lower doses to displace Diazepam have [higher/lower] clinical efficacy
higher
44
differences in BDZ structure responsible for differences in ___
lipid solubility
45
differences in BDZ lipid solubility determine __ and __ of action
onset and duration
46
two classes of BDZ
short acting, long acting
47
Which class of BDZ uses Phase II metabolism in one step to inactive metabolites?
short acting
48
Which class of BDZ uses Phase I to active metabolites and Phase II to inactive metabolites?
long acting
49
2 BDZ therapeutic effects
conscious sedation and anxiety relief
50
T or F: BDZ have higher therapeutic index than BAR
true
51
T or F: BDZ produce pharmacokinetic increase in liver enzymes
F
52
Best known 2nd generation anxiolytic
Buspirone (Buspar)
53
T or F: buspirone enhances GABA function
false
54
Buspirone is a partial __ agonist acting in limbic system, amygdala, and PFC, raphe
5HT1A
55
Postsynaptic heteroreceptors of 5HT1A are located in __, __, and __
limbic system, amygdala, PFC
56
Somatodendritic 5HT1A autoreceptors are located in __
raphe
57
Anxiolytic action of buspirone may be due to [up/downregulation] of 5HT1A autoreceptors
down
58
buspirone [increases/decreases] 5HT function postsynaptically
increases
59
SSRIs relieve anxiety by enhancing 5HT function by blocking 5HT ___ postsynaptically
reuptake
60
SERT blockers are [more/less] effective than NERT blockers in reducing anxiety symptoms
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