Test 4 Concepts Flashcards by Kaylee McGee

sieve-like opening into water vascular system

madreporite

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branch from ring canal

radial canals

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branch off radial canals

lateral canals

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at the end of lateral canals, often with suction cups

tube feet

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surrounds mouth in water vascular system

ring canal

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_______ canals used for locomotion, attachment, and feeding in echinodermata

water-filled

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system consisting of strands of tissue that circulate fluid and may aid in transporting molecules

hemal system

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what is the largest echinoderm class?

class ophiuroidea (brittle stars and basket stars)

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endoskeleton fused into ___ in sand dollars and sea urchins

test

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“earthworms of the sea” bc they consume particulate organic matter

sea cucumbers (class holothuroidea)

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most primative echinoderm class

class crinoidea

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3 body regions of phylum hemichordata

proboscis, collar, and trunk

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in phylum hemichordata, cilia circulate water into their mouth and out of their body through _______ ____

pharyngeal slits

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4 characteristics that distinguish chordates

dorsal notochord, dorsal tubular nerve chord, pharyngeal slits, postanal tail

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supportive rod (connective tissue) extending the length of the body, dorsal to body cavity

notochord

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some cells secrete iodinated proteins and it is considered equivalent to the thyroid glands in vertebrates

endostyles

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saclike body covered with connective tissue-like covering

tunic

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finger-like projections that filter large particles

cirri

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in filter feeding of cephalochordata, water exits body through _____

atriopore

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obtain heat from the environment

ectothermic

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body temperature fluctuates

poikilothermic

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generate heat internally

endothermic

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relatively constant body temperature

homeothermic

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skull that surrounds brain and associated organs

craniate

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specialized openings through which water enters

spiracles

asymmetrical tail

heterocercal

flattened rectangular base plate which is embedded in the skin

placoid scales

symmetrical tail

homocercal

gas filled sac that regulates buoyancy

swim bladder

water/blood flow in opposite directions and increases efficiency

counter-current exchange

red blood cells contain ______

hemoglobin

primary site of digestion and absorption in fishes

small intestine

sensory pits along side that detect motion and perhaps low frequency sounds

lateral-line system

fishes can detect electrical fields generated by other organisms

electroreception

maintaining proper balance of electrolytes and water in the body

osmoregulation

____ fish naturally absorb water and lose electrolytes through diffusion

freshwater

____ fish naturally absorb electrolytes and lose water through diffusion

marine

actively ABSORB ions across gills, reabsorb LITTLE water in kidneys, produce much DILUTE urine, DO NOT drink water

freshwater fishes - osmoregulation

ELIMINATE ions by excretion, defection, and actively transport across gills, reabsorb MUCH water in kidneys, produce small amounts of STRONG urine, DO drink water

marine fishes - osmoregulation

fishes that migrate between freshwater and saltwater

diadromous

"double life"

amphibia

adult forms resemble larval forms and have gills

paedomorphic

legless larvae

tadpoles

common opening for digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems

cloaca

eyes protected and cleaned by transparent lower eyelid

nictitating membrane

skin functions are respiratory organ; up to 90% in some salamanders

cutaneous respiration

occurs in moist lining of mouth and pharynx; about 1-7%

buccopharyngeal respiration

make sounds here in frogs

vocal sacs

hear sounds here in frogs

tympana

salamanders and caecilians are _____ (vocalization)

silent

in the class amphibia, many have _____ parental care

NO, some clean or protect eggs though

salamanders and frogs are ______ at an alarming rate throughout the world

declining

early members of the class reptilia were the first to possess ____ eggs

amniotic

special membrane that encloses the embryo in a fluid-filled sac

amnion

protects embryo, aids in gas exchange (vascularized)

chorion

nourished embryo

yolk sac

stores nitrogenous wastes

allantois

protected embryo

shell

extinct reptiles, once thought to include turtles

anapsid

extinct reptiles that led to mammals

synapsid

living reptiles that led to mammals

diapsid

the 3 types of amniote skulls

anapsid, synapsid, diapsid

dorsal portion of the bony shell

carapace

ventral portion of the bony shell

plastron

"median eye"

parietal eye

detects light changes; primitive 3rd eye located in the center of the head of some lizards and tuataras

parietal eye

order squamata is world wide except in this region

polar regions

organ that eliminates wastes with minimal water loss; excretes uric acid

metanephric kidneys

detect heat differences in pit vipers

pit organs

chemoreceptors that are present in all reptiles but turtles

Jacobson's organs

5 adaptations of birds used for flight

wings, feathers, endothermy, high metabolic rates, modified skeleton

"glorified reptiles"

birds

covering of feathers

plumage

the process where plumage is shed and replaced periodically is called _____

ecdysis

flight feathers

pennaceous

down feathers

plumulaceous

small feathers attached to the "hand" that reduce turbulence during take off

alula

high metabolic rate requires ____ level of food intake

high

part of stomach modified to secrete digestive juices

proventriculus

part of stomach modified into the grinding organ

gizzard

esophagus often modified into ___ for storage or feeding young

crop

__ ventilation cycles are necessary to move air completely through system

two

poorly developed sense in birds

olfaction (smell)

well developed sense in birds

hearing and vision (esp color vision)

one female and one male, usually both care for young

monogamous

males mate with more than 1 female, female cares for eggs and young

polgynous

females mate with more than 1 male, male cares for eggs and young

polyandrous

well developed at hatching; relatively independent, mobile, can care for themselves; hatch on ground=more predators

precocial

relatively undeveloped; immobile, unable to care for themselves, dependent on parents; hatch in trees=less predators

altricial

periodic round trips between breeding and winter seasons; often cued by photoperiod (day length)

migration

Test 4 Concepts Flashcards

(90 cards)