test 4 lec 21

Question 1

can fermentation generate ATP

Answer 1

no

Question 2

swiss cheese production involves what two fermentation stages

Answer 2

lactobacillus ferments lactose into lactic acid

propionbacterium converts lactate to propionate, acetate, and CO2

Question 3

carbohydrates break down into

Answer 3

disaccharides then mono

Question 4

lipids are hydrolyzed to

Answer 4

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 5

peptides are hydrolyzed to

Answer 5

amino acids

Question 6

microbes catalyze what kind of substrates

Answer 6

carbohydrates
lipids
peptides
aromatic compounds

Question 7

what are some fermentation pathways

Answer 7

homolactic
ethanolic
heterolactic
mixed-acid

Question 8

what is photoheterotrophy

Answer 8

bacteria gain energy from light while using organic carbon substrates for catabolism and/or biosynthesis

Question 9

sugar and sugar derivatives are catabolized to

Answer 9

pyruvate

Question 10

does respiration yield more energy than fermentation

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

does redox rxns occur in stage 2 of emp

Answer 11

yes

produce 2 NADH

Question 12

what is respiration

Answer 12

complete breakdown of organic molecules with electron transfer to a terminal electron aceptor such as O2

Question 13

aromatic compounds are catabolized to

Answer 13

acetate

Question 14

what are the three stages of pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 14

oxidation-dexarboxylation
isomerization reactions
sugar rearrangement reactions

Question 15

first stage of EMP

Answer 15

glucose activation stage

Question 16

where does EMP happen

Answer 16

cytoplasm of cell

Question 17

what is the net of ED pathway

Answer 17

1 ATP, 1 NADH, 1 NADPH

electrons transferred as same in EMP

Question 18

how fermentation produce neg delta G

Answer 18

large molecule breaking down into smaller products

Question 19

what is the second stage of EMP

Answer 19

energy yielding stage

Question 20

what three main routes do bacteria and archaea use to catabolize glucose

Answer 20

glycolysis
entner duodoroff pathway
pentose phosphate pathway

Question 21

what is heterolactic fermentation

Answer 21

produces one molecules of lactic acid and one ethanol and one CO2

Question 22

what does the cell do if it needs to reverse glycolysis to make glucose

Answer 22

most of the intermediate reactions are reversible

Question 23

what is mixed acid fermentation

Answer 23

produces acetate, formate, lactate, and succinate as well as ethanol, H2, and CO2

Question 24

how do microbes compensate for low efficiency of fermentation

Answer 24

consuming large quantities of substrate and excreting large quantities of products

Question 25

what are some examples of catabolic pathways

Answer 25

fermentation respiration photoheterotrophy

Question 26

what is fermentation

Answer 26

partial breakdown of organic food without net electron transfer to an inorganic terminal electron acceptor

Question 27

what is the most common form of glycolysis

Answer 27

embden meyerhof parnas pathway

Question 28

how does glycolysis regulation occur

Answer 28

make reactions go forward when cell needs energy

Question 29

what happens in stage 2 of EMP

Answer 29

form NADH from energy | 2 electrons leave

Question 30

susbstrate level phosphorylation in stage 2 produces what

Answer 30

4 ATP

Question 31

will EMP occur with or without oxygen

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

what is substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 32

transfer of a phosphoryl group from an organic substrate to make ATP

Question 33

where are carboxylic acid products degraded in

Answer 33

TCA cycle

Question 34

what is amphibolic

Answer 34

pathways that participate in both catabolism and anabolism

Question 35

what are the products of glycolysis

Answer 35

2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Question 36

are there reduction-oxidation reactions in stage one of EMP

Answer 36

no | and no NADH

Question 37

what is different from EDP and EMP

Answer 37

``` fewer substrates less steps produce less ATP found in prokaryotes evolved earlier than EMP ```