Test 4 - P.P.

Question 1

In _________ integrated cultures, a change in any part can call
the entire structure into question and lead to uncontrolled
changes.

Answer 1

tightly

Question 2

We live in a _________ integrated culture, meaning something can change in one part and not to drastically effect the whole system

Answer 2

loosely

Question 3

the French Revolution and peaceful demonstrations are forms of

Answer 3

Collective Behavior

Question 4

Significant change is usually caused by something because we typically change only of _________

Answer 4

necessity

Question 5

Among the causes of significant social change are:

• Climate changes
• _________ increases or decreases
• Shifts in _________ structures in a society
• Outside force (from another society)
• Technological change
• The effects (usually problems) from earlier social changes

Answer 5

• Population

- power

Question 6

Among the causes of significant social change are:

• _________ changes
• Population increases or decreases
• Shifts in power structures in a society
• _________ force (from another society)
• Technological change
• The effects (usually problems) from earlier social changes

Answer 6

• Climate

- Outside

Question 7

Among the causes of significant social change are:

• Climate changes
• Population increases or decreases
• Shifts in power structures in a society
• Outside force (from another society)
• _________ change
• The effects (usually problems) from earlier _________ changes

Answer 7

• Technological

- social

Question 8

• Social Change -

We still seem be following the direction that _________ indicated—toward increasing complexity

Answer 8

Durkheim

Question 9

• Social Change -

We still seem be following the direction that Durkheim indicated—toward increasing _________

Answer 9

complexity

Question 10

_________ is a name given to a category of social activities that were little understood when first observed

Answer 10

Collective Behavior

Question 11

One of the early writers in the area of Collective Behavior was _________

Answer 11

Gustav LeBon

Question 12

Gustav LeBons depiction of the crowds during and after the French Revolution
was hardly an example of “_________”

Answer 12

objective science

Question 13

Gustav LeBons contention was that anyone who participated in an angry crowd has given up their “_________” and reverted to the level of an amoral “_________”

Answer 13

• humanity

- animal

Question 14

One common characteristic of these episodes of “community

response” is that they are usually _________

Answer 14

spontaneous

Question 15

The aspect of spontaneity is a characteristic of all forms of _________

Answer 15

Collective Behavior

Question 16

• WHO -

Value Added theory

Answer 16

Neil Smelser

Question 17

_________ : it isn’t one thing that leads to “collective action,” but that there are really a series of conditions that “add up” to promote the likelihood of some form of collective action taking place.

Answer 17

Value Added theory

Question 18

“pre-conditions” that promote collective action, are the
following:

-a period of stress or social _________
-a perception that there has been a breakdown of the existing _________ mechanisms that handle problems
-a common definition of the situation must be created by the “collective” before any action can take place.
-there is typically some triggering event, also called a
precipitating event, that sets people into action.

Answer 18

• unrest

- social

Question 19

4 commonly recognized forms of Collective Behavior are:

-Publics
-

Answer 19

• Crowds

- Social Movements

Question 20

4 commonly recognized forms of Collective Behavior are:

-
-Crowds
-
-Social Movements

Answer 20

• Panics

- Publics

Question 21

Panics occur in response to some _________ threat

Answer 21

perceived

Question 22

_________ : milder versions of “panics”

Answer 22

mass hysteria

Question 23

Y2K is an example of _________

Answer 23

mass hysteria

Question 24

A _________ is an even milder form of mass hysteria

Answer 24

craze

Question 25

_________ crowds are basically people gathered together in time and space to... well, to watch something.

Answer 25

passive

Question 26

-the world’s biggest cruise ship dock example of _________

Answer 26

passive crowds

Question 27

-People watching an accident on the side of the ride | example of _________

Answer 27

Casual crowds

Question 28

_________ crowds form spontaneously to view some event | sometimes called “gawkers” or “rubber-neckers

Answer 28

Casual

Question 29

_________ crowds are crowds that are actively celebrating something

Answer 29

Expressive

Question 30

The crowds at Mardi Gras or the crowds at Carnival, in Rio, are _________ crowds

Answer 30

expressive

Question 31

A form of active crowds: | _________ crowds, that are angry about something

Answer 31

hostile

Question 32

spontaneous form of a hostile crowd would be a _________ .

Answer 32

mob

Question 33

Mobs can be very violent, as in the case of _________ mobs

Answer 33

lynch

Question 34

The 3rd stage of crowd development is when this escalation of _________ takes place

Answer 34

anger

Question 35

_________ – a physical interaction between crowd members that involves communication and a heightening of emotions

Answer 35

milling

Question 36

_________ – which is the method that allows a transfer | of emotional level between members of the crowd.

Answer 36

circular reaction

Question 37

_________ – this is the main source of information shared by members of a crowd

Answer 37

rumor

Question 38

``` -Rumor- The crowd needs information on which to make decisions. If it can’t find that information, it will simply invent it. Tomatsu Shibutani refers to it as _________ . ```

Answer 38

Improvised News

Question 39

_________ – this happens when someone says what the | crowd has been waiting to hear.

Answer 39

keynoting

Question 40

The 4th stage of crowd development is when it finally _________

Answer 40

becomes active

Question 41

3 characteristics of crowds : -short - -don't last long

Answer 41

not large

Question 42

3 characteristics of crowds: - -not large -

Answer 42

- short | - don't last long

Question 43

if you have gone to a public meeting on a particular issue…you were a member of a _________ and may not have realized it.

Answer 43

public

Question 44

Once people realize they are a member of a public, they may act together and organize some actions to bring more attention to the issue they are trying to affect. This is a _________

Answer 44

Lobby

Question 45

Collective Behavior is just another form of _________

Answer 45

social action

Question 46

_________ is only one of the choices people have in any given situation

Answer 46

Collective Behavior

Question 47

The probability that people will engage in some form of Collective Behavior is increased if certain _________ are met (Smelser’s Value Added theory)

Answer 47

pre-conditions

Question 48

Social Movements are the most organized form of _________

Answer 48

Collective Behavior

Question 49

Social Movements are the longest lasting and they also have the greatest potential for _________ social change

Answer 49

long-term

Question 50

Now membership in coalitions are, by definition, _________

Answer 50

voluntary

Question 51

``` Forms of Social Movements include: - Religious - - Reactionary - ```

Answer 51

Forms of Social Movements include: - Reform - Revolutionary

Question 52

The labor rights movement, the American Civil Rights movement, and the women’s rights movement are 3 such examples of _________

Answer 52

reform movements

Question 53

a successful movement needs 3 different types of leadership: - _________ leadership - intellectual leadership - _________ leadership

Answer 53

- charismatic | - organizational

Question 54

a successful movement needs a well-reasoned and well-written _________ .

Answer 54

ideology

Question 55

a successful movement needs a _________ .

Answer 55

beatable foe

Question 56

The gap that opens quickly between expectations and reality, which we call “_________ ” is the impetus to forced change

Answer 56

relative deprivation

Question 57

_________ do not occur when conditions are at their worst, but after a period of improvement which gives rise to hope and aspirations

Answer 57

Revolutions

Question 58

_________ means the study of populations /people

Answer 58

Demography

Question 59

Social movements take different forms, only one of which, _________ , takes up arms.

Answer 59

Revolutionary Movements

Question 60

_________ create significant and long lasting changes in the societies in which they occur.

Answer 60

Social Movements

Question 61

Social Movements form out of coalitions of _________ groups .To survive they need 3 kinds of _________ They need a viable and well developed ideology They need a beatable foe (and sometimes just a bit of luck) They need the support of a significant part of the populace, but not necessarily even a majority of the populace.

Answer 61

- pre-existing | - leadership

Question 62

It took over a million years for the human population on earth to reach __ billion. To go from 6 billion to 7 billion, took __ years

Answer 62

- 1 | - 11

Question 63

Most deaths, until almost the 1900’s, were of children below the age of __ There were no vaccines, then, for contagious diseases which hit children the hardes t

Answer 63

-5

Question 64

_________ is when Birth rates and Death rates are exactly equal and represents when “_________” is occurring. It’s usually short-lived and occurs in STABLE Populations.

Answer 64

- ZPG (zero population growth) | - replacement

Question 65

ZPG is when Birth rates and Death rates are exactly equal and represents when “replacement” is occurring. It’s usually _________ and occurs in _________ Populations.

Answer 65

- short-lived | - STABLE

Question 66

_________ comes from actually counting people as in a census

Answer 66

enumeration data

Question 67

_________ which comes from the recording of life-events such as births, marriages, work, immigrations, etc. Even sales data in various forms gets recorded.

Answer 67

registration data

Question 68

Census data is _________ data

Answer 68

enumeration

Question 69

Any time you fill out any form, you are creating _________

Answer 69

registration data

Question 70

“bar-graph” which is also know as a “_________”

Answer 70

histogram

Question 71

A _________ in demography is everyone born in a given year.

Answer 71

cohort

Question 72

_________ is defined as the maximum population a given | ecosystem (or planet) can support indefinitely without harming the ecosystem

Answer 72

Carrying capacity

Question 73

- WHO - _________ : population growth rate

Answer 73

Malthus

Question 74

Equation to figure population growth rate: P2 = P1 + Births – Deaths + InMigration - OutMigration

Answer 74

-

Question 75

The people doing research into the Earth’s carrying capacity today would bear the characterization of being _________

Answer 75

Neo-Malthusians

Question 76

You start with a sample of people all born the same year, a cohort, remember? Usually the samples are 100,000 people. Then you keep track of how many die each year and what they die from. You use this data to create what we call a _________ or an _________ as the insurance industry calls them

Answer 76

- life table | - actuarial table

Question 77

Actuarial tables are really a way of looking at the _________ of events happening

Answer 77

probability

Question 78

“pre-conditions” that promote collective action, are the following: - a period of stress or social unrest - a perception that there has been a breakdown of the existing social mechanisms that handle problems - a common definition of the situation must be created by the “_________” before any action can take place. - there is typically some _________ event, also called a _________ event, that sets people into action.

Answer 78

- collective - triggering - precipitating

Question 79

Social Movements form out of coalitions of pre-existing groups To survive the need 3 kinds of leadership. They need a viable and well developed _________ . They need a _________ foe. They need the support of a significant part of the populace, but not necessarily even a majority of the populace.

Answer 79

- ideology | - beatable

Question 80

Social Movements form out of coalitions of pre-existing groups .To survive the need 3 kinds of leadership. They need a viable and well developed ideology. They need a beatable foe They need the support of a significant part of the _________, but not necessarily even a _________ of the populace.

Answer 80

- populace | - majority