test 5

Question 1

the chemical processes of life

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

the energy content on food is measured in what

Answer 2

Calories

Question 3

most important energy producing compounds in the cell

Answer 3

carbohydrates

Question 4

simple molecules that proteins are made of

Answer 4

amino acids

Question 5

fats oils and fatty substances characterized by their inability to dissolve in water

Answer 5

lipids

Question 6

the energy carrier of the cell

Answer 6

ATP

Question 7

important inorganic nutrients
needed for proper growth and repair of body tissues.

Answer 7

minerals

Question 8

The organs of the digestive system form a tube that
extends from the mouth to the anus

Answer 8

alimentary canal

Question 9

the changing of food substances with
large, complex chemical molecules into substances with smaller, less complex molecules

Answer 9

digestion

Question 10

special proteins that control digestion

Answer 10

enzymes

Question 11

organs that cut, break, or
crush food into smaller pieces so that it may be more easily digested.

Answer 11

teeth

Question 12

scientific name for chewing

Answer 12

mastication

Question 13

name for the throat

Answer 13

pharynx

Question 14

most common disease in man

Answer 14

dental caries aka cavities

Question 15

The rhythmic wave of muscu-lar contractions of the esophagus and digestive tract

Answer 15

peristalsis

Question 16

a flap of cartilage on the pharynx that closes the top of the trachea as you swallow to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract.

Answer 16

epiglottis

Question 17

sac-like, J-shaped storage
structure that lies just below the diaphragm in the upper part of the abdominal cavity.

Answer 17

stomach

Question 18

produces a greenish-colored substance called bile.

Answer 18

liver

Question 19

organ beneath the liver that stores bile

Answer 19

gallbladder

Question 20

primary organ of digestion and absorption

Answer 20

small intestine

Question 21

digests fats, proteins, and carbohydrates and neutralizes the hydrochloric acid secreted by the gastric glands

Answer 21

pancreas

Question 22

first 10 inches of the small intestine which is where most chemical digestion occurs

Answer 22

duodenum

Question 23

middle part of the of the small intestine

Answer 23

jejunum

Question 24

longest part of the small intestine

Answer 24

ileum

Question 25

the movement of water, digested food, and other dissolved substances into the bloodstream by which food is made available to the body

Answer 25

absorption

Question 26

tiny hair-like projections of the small intestine whose primary function is to absorb digested food

Answer 26

Villi

Question 27

Whenever the level of glucose in the blood rises above normal the pancreas releases a hormone called

Answer 27

insulin

Question 28

the liver converts the excess amino acids into fuels the body can use and a waste substance called

Answer 28

urea

Question 29

a disease rare in the United States; it is acquired from food or water contaminated with the bacterium Salmonella Typhi.

Answer 29

typhoid fever

Question 30

When movement of feces through the colon is so rapid that insufficient water is removed what results

Answer 30

diarrhea

Question 31

A painful infection of the colon that can be cause by infection, viruses etc.

Answer 31

dysentery

Question 32

is one of the most common forms of cancer in America, it is up to 95% curable when detected early

Answer 32

colon cancer

Question 33

the straw-colored liquid part of the blood, is about 90% water and contains various dissolved sub-stances

Answer 33

plasma

Question 34

the body’s blood pressure may fall to a critical low, causing a condition known as

Answer 34

circulatory shock

Question 35

scientific name for red blood cells

Answer 35

erythrocytes

Question 36

special iron-containing blood protein that binds easily to oxygen and gives blood its character-istic red colo

Answer 36

hemoglobin

Question 37

a disorder resulting from too little oxygen being transported to body cells

Answer 37

anemia

Question 38

where is hemoglobin broken down

Answer 38

liver

Question 39

Red blood cells and all other blood cells are produced

Answer 39

red bone marrow

Question 40

where are surplus red blood cells are stored

Answer 40

spleen

Question 41

function as part of the immune system, helping the body to fight disease-causing organisms

Answer 41

white blood cells

Question 42

form of cancer in which white blood cells are produced in uncontrolled numbers

Answer 42

leukemia

Question 43

tiny disk-shaped cell fragments produced in the bone marrow to serve as patch kits

Answer 43

platelets

Question 44

results in the partial or complete inability to form blood clots

Answer 44

hemophilia

Question 45

seals the break of a blood vessel

Answer 45

clotting

Question 46

what is the universal donor blood type

Answer 46

O -

Question 47

what is the universal recipient blood type

Answer 47

AB +

Question 48

worlds most efficient pump

Answer 48

heart

Question 49

The heart is encased within a tough white sac that helps protect the heart

Answer 49

pericardium

Question 50

thin walled upper chambers of the heart

Answer 50

Atria (think like a at the beginning of the alphabet so it’s thinner)

Question 51

thick walled lower chambers

Answer 51

ventricles (think v is later/lower in the alphabet)

Question 52

body’s largest artery

Answer 52

aorta

Question 53

master control unit of the heart

Answer 53

SA node

Question 54

The contracting and pumping phase of heart action is called

Answer 54

systole

Question 55

An abnormal rushing or blowing sound produced by valve damage is

Answer 55

heart murmur

Question 56

thick-walled blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart

Answer 56

arteries (away)

Question 57

returning to the heart,

Answer 57

veins

Question 58

microscopic structures; the smallest are so tiny that red blood cells must “squeeze” through them, traveling in single file

Answer 58

capillaries

Question 59

The movement of the blood through all parts of the body except the lungs

Answer 59

systemic circulation

Question 60

the flow of blood to the heart muscle and back to the right atrium.

Answer 60

coronary circulation

Question 61

the movement of blood from these organs to the liver is

Answer 61

portal circulation

Question 62

The movement of blood through the kidneys

Answer 62

renal circulation

Question 63

The movement of blood between tween the heart and the lungs is

Answer 63

pulmonary circulation

Question 64

high blood pressure

Answer 64

hypertension

Question 65

the buildup of fatty deposits and fibrous tissue in the liver

Answer 65

cirrhosis

Question 66

leading cause of death in america

Answer 66

CVD (cardiovascular disease)

Question 67

, large, spongy organs located inside the thoracic cavity on opposite sides of your heart.

Answer 67

lungs

Question 68

aka voice box

Answer 68

larynx

Question 69

which is a thick sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 69

diaphragm

Question 70

The maximum volume you can inhale and exhale is your

Answer 70

vital capacity

Question 71

This normal amount of air we breathe is

Answer 71

tidal volume

Question 72

The most common respiratory dis-ease is undoubtedly

Answer 72

common cold

Question 73

is one of the most common hereditary diseases in the United States- hindering the lungs’ defenses against bacteri-al infection and causing the lungs to fill with a thick, gum-my mucus.

Answer 73

CF

Question 74

The most devastating respiratory disease that can be avoided w not smoking

Answer 74

lung cancer

Question 75

for the essay know the pathway of the alimentary canal and the pathway of blood though the heart - and know the terms surrounding them