Test 5 Flashcards
(54 cards)
the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
social leaning theory
improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
social facilitation
any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
aggression
the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
bystander effect
an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
social-responsibility norm
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
social loafing
the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
deindividuation
the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
just-world phenomenon
the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. For example when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes.
cognitive dissonance theory
influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
normative social influence
influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality
informational social influence
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
altruism
the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
groupthink
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
foot-in-the -door phenomenon
the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of person
mere exposure effect
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
social exchange theory
the schachter-singer theory that to experience emotion one must be 1 physically aroused and 2 cognitively label the arousal
two factor theory
Dutton and Aron
fear, fast heart rate, attribute to passionate love, attractiveness, bridge experiment
a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
equity
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
reciprocity norm
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
reciprocity norm
sherif
social norm
the principle that frustration-the blocking of an attempt to acieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression
frustration-aggression principle
the scientific study of the links between biological and psychological processes
biological psychology
