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Earth and Space Science > TEST 6 > Flashcards

TEST 6 Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What are the upper layers of ground stripped away by surface mining?

A

Overburden

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2
Q

What is the narrow zone of active volcanoes that encircle the Pacific Basin?

A

Ring of Fire

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3
Q

What type of weathering involves the breaking or peeling away of rock into layers?

A

Exfoliation

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4
Q

Man is as classified as

A

Homo sapiens

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5
Q

What is the land that borders a river and is covered by water in flood time?

A

Floodplain

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6
Q

What is a volcano made of volcanic ash and rock fragments held together loosely?

A

Cinder-cone volcano

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7
Q

What type of mountain formed when rocks on one side of a fault were forced upward and the rocks on the other side were forced downward?

A

Fault-block

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8
Q

What are glaciers that extend into the ocean without breaking?

A

Ice shelves

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9
Q

What is the amount of matter in an object?

A

Mass

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10
Q

What is an alloy of iron and carbon?

A

Steel

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11
Q

What is the resistance of a smooth surface of a mineral to being scratched?

A

Hardness

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12
Q

What is the sudden appearance of life in the fossil record called?

A

Cambrian Explosion

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13
Q

What plant food element promotes the ripening of fruits?

A

Phosphorus

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14
Q

What are the crystalline substances found naturally in the earth?

A

Minerals

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15
Q

What is lava that hardens in rough, jagged rocks with a crumbly or blocky layer called?

A

aa Lava

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16
Q

What is the largest group of minerals which compose over 90% or the earth’s crust?

A

Silicates

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17
Q

Which australopithecine was known as upright man?

A

Homo Erectus

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18
Q

What is the upper surface of ground water?

A

Water Table

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19
Q

What is the fan shaped deposit of sediments at the mouth of a river called?

A

Delta

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20
Q

What deep sea fish living fossil was once thought to be the ancestor of the first amphibians?

A

Coelacanth

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21
Q

Sandy, gently sloping underwater plain near a continent?

A

Continental Shelf

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22
Q

A huge level region of the deep ocean floor

A

Abyssal Plain

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23
Q

Underwater mountain Range

A

Mid-oceanic Ridge

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24
Q

A pool of shallow salty water at the center of an atoll

A

Lagoon

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25
One of the deep depressions in the earth’s surface where the oceans are contained.
Ocean Basin
26
Large fissure in the continental shelf
Submarine Canyon
27
Underwater mountain
Seamount
28
One of the huge muddy valleys that cut through portions of the abyssal plain
Trench
29
Beginning marked by shelf break
Continental Slope
30
Rythymic back and forth motions of water that transfer energy are called
Waves
31
78% of the salt in the ocean is
Sodium Chloride
32
Crystals are characterized by many flat surfaces called
Faces
33
Gentle rolling waves that appear even in calm weather are
Ocean Swells
34
Oceanographers collect water samples from the ocean depths using
Niskin Bottles
35
The revolutionary submersible design invented by Auguste Piccard was the
Bathyscaphe
36
The study of the earth is called
Geology
37
Movements of ocean water caused by the moon are called
Tides
38
The process in which wind lifts particles for short distances then drops them abruptly is
Saltation
39
The region where cold deep water meets sun warmed surface water is the
Thermocline
40
A _________ is a device with an open tube that is dropped to the sea floor allowing its weight to puncture the sediment.
Gravity Corer
41
The earth’s rotation causes surface currents to move in circular paths called
Gyres
42
The most abundant element in the earth’s crust is
Oxygen
43
Huge chunks of floating glacial ice
Iceburgs
44
A mineral test that leaves a line of powder on a plate is a(n) _______ test?
Streak
45
The process that breaks rocks down into soil is
Weathering
46
The study of fossils is
Paleontology
47
The deepest known point in the sea is the
Challenger Deep or Marianas Trench
48
When water from heavy waves rapidly flows away from the shore through a gap in a sandbar, the water forms a(n)
Rip current or Riptide
49
One idea that attempts to reconcile the Bible and evolution is
Theistic Evolution
50
Regions of the earth’s surface where limestone is exposed and abundant are __________ regions.
Karst
51
The deepest regions of the sea, with depths greater than 6000 meters are in the _________ zone
Hadal
52
A low hill formed when a glacier overruns a moraine is a
Drumlin
53
What is the red variety of corundum?
Ruby
54
When two rock layers are pushed violently together, causing the layers to buckle, ___________ mountains form.
Folded
55
What type of mountain is formed when molten rock collects beneath an overlying rock layer, forcing the layer upward into a blister like structure?
Domed
56
What device uses sound waves to detect underwater objects?
Sonar
57
What is the winding, looping curve in a river on flat ground?
Meander
58
What is the warm surface current that flows in the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator?
Gulf Stream
59
A theory that has never been proven false is a
Law
60
What are large teardrop shaped pieces of ejecta formed when lava solidifies?
Volcanic Bomb
61
The amount of dissolved salt in seawater is
Salinity
62
Halfway between the spring tides are weaker-than-normal tides called
Neap
63
Emerald and aquamarine are two forms of what mineral?
Beryl
64
What type of fold occurs when rocks buckle upward?
Anticline
65
What hypothetical time scale charts both the earth’s history and the sequence of the rock layers in the earth’s crust?
Geologic Column
66
What theory states that the earth’s crust and upper mantle consist of huge plates slowly drifting as a result of convection currents in the mantle?
Plate Tectonics
67
What scale do chemists use to express acidity and basicity of substances?
pH
68
The daily or twice-daily period when the ocean levels are at their highest point is called _____________ tide.
High
69
What metal is more valuable than gold or silver?
Platinum
70
What the false belief that all geological processes have always proceeded at the same rate?
Uniformitarianism
71
What is the study of the earth’s oceans called?
Oceanography
72
Who popularized evolution with his book On the Origin of the Species?
Charles Darwin
73
What percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water?
Seventy
74
What is the highest point of a wave?
Crest
75
What is the term for the upward-flowing current?
Upwelling
76
What is the point on the earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus?
Epicenter
77
What does scuba stand for?
Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
78
What device serves as a framework for many water collection bottles, allowing oceanographers to collect water from different depths?
Rosette
79
What is the substance that makes up the physical world?
Matter
80
What is the scientific term for water pressure?
Hydrostatic pressure

Earth and Space Science (7 decks)

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