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Earth and Space Science > TEST 9 > Flashcards

TEST 9 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What forms the brilliant flash of a lightning bolt? _______________________

A

return stroke

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2
Q

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is ________ pounds per square inch.

A

14.7

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3
Q

Which type of front forms when two air masses push against each other but neither one advances? ______________________

A

stationary front

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4
Q

Which type of clouds are thunderstorm clouds?____________________________

A

cumulonimbus

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5
Q

A tropical cyclone with wind speeds of 74 miles per hour or more is a______________________________

A

hurricane

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6
Q

An electron stream that jerkily travels from a cloud during a thunderstorm is a_____________

A

stepped leader

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7
Q

Drops of liquid water that have a diameter of less than 0.5 millimeter and fall from clouds to the earth are_____________________

A

drizzle

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8
Q

What measures high-altitude weather conditions?______________________

A

weather balloon

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9
Q

The change in the direction of winds caused by earth’s rotation is the __________________ effect.

A

Coriolis

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10
Q

What 3 things affect insolation____________________, _______________, _________________

A

angle of sun’s rays
cloud cover
length of daytime

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11
Q

A wind that reverses its direction from season to season is a _________________________

A

monsoon

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12
Q

What is a large, rotating updraft in a supercell thunderstorm?_________________________

A

mesocyclone

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13
Q

The water that falls to the earth, including rain, sleet, hail, and snow is________________________

A

precipitation

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14
Q

Which air mass brings hot, dry weather?_______________

A

continental tropical

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15
Q

What are the major factors that determine the earth’s weather?______________, _________________, ______________________

A

water vapor
heat energy
uneven distribution of heat energy

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16
Q

The thunderstorm stage marked by the arrival of precipitation is the _________________ stage

A

mature

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17
Q

When the relative humidity is 100%, the air is ____________________

A

saturated

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18
Q

What phenomenon occurs when an area receives an abnormally low amount of atmospheric water over a long period?_______________

A

drought

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19
Q

What is water vapor in the air that touches the cooler ground and turns to a liquid?________________

A

dew

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20
Q

A tropical cyclone with wind speeds between 39 miles per hour and 74 miles per hour is a ___________

A

tropical storm

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21
Q

A narrow funnel of powerful, rapidly whirling wind that stretches from a cloud to the ground is a ________________

A

tornado

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22
Q

A fierce, single-updraft thunderstorm is a__________________________

A

supercell

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23
Q

The elevated water level caused by a hurricane’s winds is the _________________

A

storm surge

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24
Q

The shock wave produced as a lightning heats the air is___________________________

A

thunder

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25
The farthest distance at which objects can be distinguished is the__________________
visibility
26
The most intense type of downburst is a ________________________
microburst
27
The boundary between two air masses is a _______________________
front
28
Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves is ______________________
radiation
29
Which type of ultraviolet radiation is the least harmful? ________________
UVA
30
The convection cell that exists between the equator and latitude 30* is the ____________________ cell
Hadley
31
What is considered the outermost layer of the atmosphere?________________________
exosphere
32
What is the most abundant gas in the homosphere?____________________
nitrogen
33
Which type of cloud is characteristically almond shaped?___________________________
lenticular
34
Surface winds that blow from high-pressure regions toward the equator are_____________ _______________
trade winds
35
A thick, brownish haze that results from complex molecules released into the air by vehicles and some factories and plants is_____________________
photochemical smog
36
The boundary formed when a cold air mass moves into the territory of a warm air mass is a ______________________
cold front
37
What is the coldest point in the atmosphere?_________________________
mesopause
38
In clouds with temperatures above the freezing point, rain forms by the_________________________
collision-coalescence process
39
Air flowing down a mountain’s slope due to differences in temperature and pressure is a _________________________ wind.
katabatic
40
Tornadoes are classified using the Enhanced __________________ scale.
Fujita
41
What is the movement of water from earth’s surface, into the air, and back to the surface?_________________
water cycle
42
The extremely powerful radiation that comes from deep space is called_______________________
cosmic rays
43
A circulating spiral of wind around a low-pressure system is a ____________________
cyclone
44
Hurricanes are ranked on the _____________ Hurricane Wind scale.
Saffir-Simpson
45
A single updraft system in a thunderstorm is a __________________
cell
46
Air that is warm near the ground but very cold at higher altitudes is ____________________
unstable
47
The rapidly swirling cloud that is the most distinctive visual feature of a tornado is a ___________
condensation funnel
48
“Lines of equal heat” are known as ____________________
isotherms
49
A tornado that forms over water is called a _
waterspout
50
A weather instrument that simultaneously measures and transmits meteorological data from weather balloons to weather stations is a__________________
radiosonde
51
The center of a hurricane is the ___________________
eye
52
Maps that give a summary of the weather conditions throughout the entire country at a single point in time are________________
surface weather charts
53
Measures the distance from the ground to the base of the clouds_______________________
ceilometer
54
Indicates the direction of wind_________________________
weather vane
55
Measures the amount of precipitation __________
rain gauge
56
Uses radio waves to detect objects and measure their distance_________________
radar
57
Measures wind speed____________________
anemometer
58
Measures atmospheric pressure________________
barometer
59
Measures air temperature_________________
thermometer
60
Measures relative humidity___________
hygrometer
61
A rotating column of air that starts on the ground and is not associated with a cloud _____________
dust devil
62
A long, narrow lines of advancing thunderstorms in a hurricane___________________
rain bands
63
A localized storm involving lightning, thunder, strong winds, and heavy rain____________________
thunderstorm
64
State of the atmosphere at a certain time and place____________________
weather
65
An abrupt discharge of electricity through the air_______________________
lightning
66
A concentrated downward blast of wind __________________________
downburst
67
Lines of equal pressure on a weather map_________________
isobars
68
A long line of advancing thunderstorms, usually moving ahead of a cold front___________
squall line

Earth and Space Science (7 decks)

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