Test concepts Flashcards by Élorie Jacques

Adam Smith

Inventor of capitalism. 3 laws of economics

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Cabinet

Prime minister and all ministers

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Confederal System

Like European Union. States give away a little power

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Direct Democracy

Like in Greece. All people have to vote and all have to agree.

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European Nation

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Executive

Monarch, Prime Minister, and Cabinet. Implement laws.

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Failed State

No control over borders, no security, and no development functions.

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Negative vs positive Freedom

Positive is freedom to

Negative is freedom from

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Geneva convention

Protection against war crimes.

Humanitarian treatment in war.

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Great Depression

Crash économique entre 1930 et seconde guerre mondiale.

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Guerrilla Warfare

irregular warfare used by smaller groups of people to fight bigger traditional military movements.
Illegal war not done by state.

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HDI

Human Development index.

Life expectancy at birth, expected/mean years of schooling, GNI per capita.

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Head of government vs head of state.

Head of state is queen

head of government is prime minister

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IGO

Inter governmental organization.

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IMF

International Monetary Fund

Short term emergency loans

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Imperialism

extending rule of one country on other countries.

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John Locke

Tabula Raza. Social contract and we all benefit from the whole “my freedom ens where yours begin”

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John M. Keynes

Create a safety net so people don’t fall through in Capitalism. Welfare state

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John Stuart Mill

Classical liberalism. Individual freedom and Utilitarianism

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MNC

Multi national corporations

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Absolute vs constitutional monarchy

Constitutional do not actually rule.

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Nafta/USMCA

North American Free trade agreement

United-States Canada Mexico agreement

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Civic vs ethnic nationalism

civic is from state

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Neo-liberalism

Laisser-faire economics and liberalism together.

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NGO

Non-governmental organizations | Clubs, associations, and organizations operate away from government.

Domestic vs foreign policy

Domestic inside country

Politics

Who gets what, when, and how.

Hard, soft, coercive power

Hard: military or economic means Soft: Positive persuasion, communication, Coercive: threats and stuff

Quota

Entitled to receive or distribute

Legal rights

Right to a fair trial, etc.

political rights

participate in the political process. Right to vote, right to elect representatives, etc.

Fundamental rights vs human rights

fundamental is in a country and in constitution. Human is wherever you live.

Secession

withdrawal of a state in a federation. In 1860s US, lead to the civil war when 11 states withdrew from union.

Security council

Permanent council of the United Nations that is charge of keeping peace and security.

Self-determination

Autonomy over decisions. Population want more self-determination to make decisions that affect them.

subsidy

Money given to a industry or business by government so the prices remain low.

Market

Things with supply and demad

Treaty of Westphalia

Also called peace of Westphalia | Ended 30 year war in Europe and balanced powers.

Unitary system

Most or all powers are in the centralized states.

Welfare state

Basic economic security for citizens

WTO

World trade organizations

Volodymyr O Zelenskyy

President of Ukraine

Incubent prime minister of Israel

Naftali Bennett

Incumbent chancellor of Germany

Olaf Scholz

South Korea

president Moon Jae-in

president Mexico

Andrés Manuel Lòpez Obrador

Pope

Francis/Francois

Prime Minister of United kingdom

boris Johnson

President Myanmar

Win Myint

Prime Minister Australia

Scott Morrison

President Iraq

Barham Salih

President of China

Xi Jinping

President of Taiwan

Tsai Ing-Wen

Supreme leader of Iran and since theocracy, other dude Israeli President

Ali Hossein | Ebrahim Raisi

President of Syria

Bashar al-Assad

President of Islamic Republic of Aphganistan

Ashraf Ghani and Quetta Shura leader Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada

North Korea

King Jong Un

India

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Ram Nath Kovind

President of Pakistan

Arif Alvi

President of Turkey

Tayyip Erdogan

France

Emmanuel Macron | Jean Castex

Brazil

Jair Bolsonaro

Managing director of IMF

Kristalina Georgieva

Venezuela

Juan Gerardo Guaido | President Nicolas Maduro

UN secretary general

Antonio Gueterres

Cuba

President Miguel Diaz-Canel Bermudez

2nd Caliph Islamic State

Abu ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi

Fridays for future

Greta Thunberg

Saudi Arabia

Mohammed Bin Salman

European Central Bank

Christine Lagarde

NATO | General + acronym

Jens Stoltenberg | North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Alphabet Inc. and Google

Sundar Pichai