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biology > test- ecology pt 2 > Flashcards

test- ecology pt 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sustainability

A

a balance between earth’s resources, human needs, and the needs of other species

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2
Q

ecological footprint

A

the amount of carbon emitted and its environmental impact

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3
Q

greenhouse effect

A

the normal warming when gases trap heat in the atmosphere

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4
Q

invasive species

A

non-native species introduced to an ecosystem that negatively harms it (ex. water hyacinth)

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5
Q

what are some human activities and their effects on the water cycle?

A

building, paving, and deforestation- decrease infiltration

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6
Q

what are some human activities and their effects on the carbon cycle?

A

burning of fossil fuels in combustion and realising CO2- causes an imbalance of carbon in the atmosphere

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7
Q

what are some human activites and their effects on the nitrogen cycle?

A

excessive use of fertilizers- causes and imbalance of nitrogen in the soil

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8
Q

what are some examples of renewable resources?

A

-water
-sunlight
-wind
-nuclear

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9
Q

what are some examples of nonrenewable resources?

A

-fossil fuels
-metal
-plastic

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10
Q

what is the goal of agricultural technology?

A

to increase food productivity

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11
Q

what is the goal of alternative energy technology?

A

to provide “clean’ energy to power society without negatively influencing the atmosphere

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12
Q

what is the goal of industrial technology?

A

to increase manufacturing efficeincy, transportaion, and communication

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13
Q

what is “clean” energy?

A

energy that doesn’t release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere

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14
Q

what is a negative consquence of using nuclear energy?

A

it creates radioactive waste

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15
Q

what is a negative consequence of using wind energy?

A

the blades on windmills are not biodegradable and it could interfere with animal life

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16
Q

what is a negative consqeuence of using solar energy?

A

it is expensive and not everyone’s house is in the right position for it

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17
Q

what is a negative consequence of using water energy?

A

it is expensive and could interfere with animal life

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18
Q

what everyday things produce CFC’s?

A

-foam packaging
-refrigerants
-aerosol sprays

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19
Q

what are CFC’s?

A

pollutants called chlorofluorocarbons that deplete the ozone layer

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20
Q

what are some key contributors to global warming?

A

-burning fossil fuels
-making CFC’s

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21
Q

what are two examples of reducing?

A

-using less plastic packaging
-eating at home

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22
Q

what are two examples of reusing?

A

-reusing plastic water bottles
-using reusable containers

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23
Q

what are two examples of recycling?

A

-recycling paper
-recycling glass

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24
Q

ecological succession

A

the process of ecological change in an ecosystem where one community is replaced by another over time

25
Q

how do humans affect biodiversity?

A

-habitat destruction and fragmentation (deforestation, paving)
-pollution (burnign fossil fuels)
-introduction of invasive species

26
Q

primary succession

A

formation of a brand new ecosystem (ex. volcanic eruption, melted glacier, eroded sand)

27
Q

secondary succession

A

recovery of an old ecosystem (ex. fire, farming, hurricane)

28
Q

pioneer species

A

the first organisms to grow in a new envirnonment

29
Q

climax community

A

a mature and stable community of plants and animals (reached towards the end of succession)

30
Q

stable ecosystem

A

an ecosystem that ramins relatively constant with predictable changes

31
Q

what are some causes for primary succession?

A

-exposed rock
-volcanic eruptions
-glacier receeding

32
Q

what are some causes for secondary succession?

A

-forest fires
-farming
-hurricanes

33
Q

which type of succession happens faster and why?

A

secondary, because there is already soil left over from the previous community

34
Q

what are two examples of pioneer species in primary succession?

A

-lichen
-mosses

35
Q

what are two examples of pioneer species in secondary succession?

A

-weeds
-grasses

36
Q

how can humans impact the process of ecological succession?

A

-we can deforest areas
-this can destroy communities
-this can also cause new communities to be made through secondary succession
-we can also burn/ pave things

37
Q

habitat

A

the actual area in the ecosystem where an organism lives, including all of its abiotic and biotic resources

38
Q

niche

A

all of the things an organism needs and does within its habitat

39
Q

predator

A

an organism that hunts/ kills another for food

40
Q

prey

A

the organism that is killed/ consumed by the predator

41
Q

keystone species

A

a species that holds the ecosystem together, it is critical for the survival of the other species in the ecosystem

42
Q

competitive exclusion principle

A

no two organisms can occupy the same niche at the same time

43
Q

symbiosis

A

any interactino that involves a close, physical, long-term relationship between two different species (one species always benefits, always interspecific)

44
Q

interspecific competition

A

competition between two different species

45
Q

intraspecific competition

A

competition within the same species

46
Q

if lynx hunt and eat rabbits who is the predator and who is the prey?

A

the lynx are the predator and the rabbits are the prey

47
Q

what is an example of predation in the real world? (list who is the predator and who is the prey)

A

sharks (predator) hunt and eat fish (prey)

48
Q

if two people were fighting over a parking spot, what kind of competition would this be?

A

intraspecific

49
Q

if a bearded dragon and a leaopard gecko were fighting over a cricket what type of competition would this be?

A

interspecific

50
Q

why is competition not considered a symbiotic relationship?

A

because competition is a short term relationship but a symbiotic relationship is always long term

51
Q

what are the three types of symbiotic relationships?

A

-parasitism
-commensalism
-mutualism

52
Q

what is parasitism? (list an example)

A

-when one organism benefits and the other is harmed
-the organism that benefits cannot kill the host
-ex. a tick on a dog

53
Q

what is commensalism? (list an example)

A

-one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
-ex. barnacles on muscles

54
Q

what is mutualism? (list an example)

A

-both organisms benefit from the relationship
-ex. clownfish and anenome

55
Q

what is the difference between parasitism and predation?

A

-in predation one organism kills another for food
-in parasitism it is vital that the organism not kill the other because it is how it survives

56
Q

what is the symbol for parasitism?

A

+/-

57
Q

what is the symbol for commensalism?

A

+/o

58
Q

what is the symbol for mutualism?

A

+/+

59
Q

how does the relationship between predator and prey generate stablility over time?

A

-the predator and prey balance each other out
-without predators there would be too much prey
-without prey there would be too little predators
-the populations cycle in response to each other over time
-predators are often keystone species

biology (11 decks)

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