test- ecology pt 2

Question 1

sustainability

Answer 1

a balance between earth’s resources, human needs, and the needs of other species

Question 2

ecological footprint

Answer 2

the amount of carbon emitted and its environmental impact

Question 3

greenhouse effect

Answer 3

the normal warming when gases trap heat in the atmosphere

Question 4

invasive species

Answer 4

non-native species introduced to an ecosystem that negatively harms it (ex. water hyacinth)

Question 5

what are some human activities and their effects on the water cycle?

Answer 5

building, paving, and deforestation- decrease infiltration

Question 6

what are some human activities and their effects on the carbon cycle?

Answer 6

burning of fossil fuels in combustion and realising CO2- causes an imbalance of carbon in the atmosphere

Question 7

what are some human activites and their effects on the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 7

excessive use of fertilizers- causes and imbalance of nitrogen in the soil

Question 8

what are some examples of renewable resources?

Answer 8

-water
-sunlight
-wind
-nuclear

Question 9

what are some examples of nonrenewable resources?

Answer 9

-fossil fuels
-metal
-plastic

Question 10

what is the goal of agricultural technology?

Answer 10

to increase food productivity

Question 11

what is the goal of alternative energy technology?

Answer 11

to provide “clean’ energy to power society without negatively influencing the atmosphere

Question 12

what is the goal of industrial technology?

Answer 12

to increase manufacturing efficeincy, transportaion, and communication

Question 13

what is “clean” energy?

Answer 13

energy that doesn’t release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere

Question 14

what is a negative consquence of using nuclear energy?

Answer 14

it creates radioactive waste

Question 15

what is a negative consequence of using wind energy?

Answer 15

the blades on windmills are not biodegradable and it could interfere with animal life

Question 16

what is a negative consqeuence of using solar energy?

Answer 16

it is expensive and not everyone’s house is in the right position for it

Question 17

what is a negative consequence of using water energy?

Answer 17

it is expensive and could interfere with animal life

Question 18

what everyday things produce CFC’s?

Answer 18

-foam packaging
-refrigerants
-aerosol sprays

Question 19

what are CFC’s?

Answer 19

pollutants called chlorofluorocarbons that deplete the ozone layer

Question 20

what are some key contributors to global warming?

Answer 20

-burning fossil fuels
-making CFC’s

Question 21

what are two examples of reducing?

Answer 21

-using less plastic packaging
-eating at home

Question 22

what are two examples of reusing?

Answer 22

-reusing plastic water bottles
-using reusable containers

Question 23

what are two examples of recycling?

Answer 23

-recycling paper
-recycling glass

Question 24

ecological succession

Answer 24

the process of ecological change in an ecosystem where one community is replaced by another over time

Question 25

how do humans affect biodiversity?

Answer 25

-habitat destruction and fragmentation (deforestation, paving) -pollution (burnign fossil fuels) -introduction of invasive species

Question 26

primary succession

Answer 26

formation of a brand new ecosystem (ex. volcanic eruption, melted glacier, eroded sand)

Question 27

secondary succession

Answer 27

recovery of an old ecosystem (ex. fire, farming, hurricane)

Question 28

pioneer species

Answer 28

the first organisms to grow in a new envirnonment

Question 29

climax community

Answer 29

a mature and stable community of plants and animals (reached towards the end of succession)

Question 30

stable ecosystem

Answer 30

an ecosystem that ramins relatively constant with predictable changes

Question 31

what are some causes for primary succession?

Answer 31

-exposed rock -volcanic eruptions -glacier receeding

Question 32

what are some causes for secondary succession?

Answer 32

-forest fires -farming -hurricanes

Question 33

which type of succession happens faster and why?

Answer 33

secondary, because there is already soil left over from the previous community

Question 34

what are two examples of pioneer species in primary succession?

Answer 34

-lichen -mosses

Question 35

what are two examples of pioneer species in secondary succession?

Answer 35

-weeds -grasses

Question 36

how can humans impact the process of ecological succession?

Answer 36

-we can deforest areas -this can destroy communities -this can also cause new communities to be made through secondary succession -we can also burn/ pave things

Question 37

habitat

Answer 37

the actual area in the ecosystem where an organism lives, including all of its abiotic and biotic resources

Question 38

niche

Answer 38

all of the things an organism needs and does within its habitat

Question 39

predator

Answer 39

an organism that hunts/ kills another for food

Question 40

prey

Answer 40

the organism that is killed/ consumed by the predator

Question 41

keystone species

Answer 41

a species that holds the ecosystem together, it is critical for the survival of the other species in the ecosystem

Question 42

competitive exclusion principle

Answer 42

no two organisms can occupy the same niche at the same time

Question 43

symbiosis

Answer 43

any interactino that involves a close, physical, long-term relationship between two different species (one species always benefits, always interspecific)

Question 44

interspecific competition

Answer 44

competition between two different species

Question 45

intraspecific competition

Answer 45

competition within the same species

Question 46

if lynx hunt and eat rabbits who is the predator and who is the prey?

Answer 46

the lynx are the predator and the rabbits are the prey

Question 47

what is an example of predation in the real world? (list who is the predator and who is the prey)

Answer 47

sharks (predator) hunt and eat fish (prey)

Question 48

if two people were fighting over a parking spot, what kind of competition would this be?

Answer 48

intraspecific

Question 49

if a bearded dragon and a leaopard gecko were fighting over a cricket what type of competition would this be?

Answer 49

interspecific

Question 50

why is competition not considered a symbiotic relationship?

Answer 50

because competition is a short term relationship but a symbiotic relationship is always long term

Question 51

what are the three types of symbiotic relationships?

Answer 51

-parasitism -commensalism -mutualism

Question 52

what is parasitism? (list an example)

Answer 52

-when one organism benefits and the other is harmed -the organism that benefits cannot kill the host -ex. a tick on a dog

Question 53

what is commensalism? (list an example)

Answer 53

-one organism benefits and the other is unaffected -ex. barnacles on muscles

Question 54

what is mutualism? (list an example)

Answer 54

-both organisms benefit from the relationship -ex. clownfish and anenome

Question 55

what is the difference between parasitism and predation?

Answer 55

-in predation one organism kills another for food -in parasitism it is vital that the organism not kill the other because it is how it survives

Question 56

what is the symbol for parasitism?

Answer 56

+/-

Question 57

what is the symbol for commensalism?

Answer 57

+/o

Question 58

what is the symbol for mutualism?

Answer 58

+/+

Question 59

how does the relationship between predator and prey generate stablility over time?

Answer 59

-the predator and prey balance each other out -without predators there would be too much prey -without prey there would be too little predators -the populations cycle in response to each other over time -predators are often keystone species