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Anatomy > Test II Lecture > Flashcards

Test II Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

CNS consists of?

A

Brain & spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS consists of?

A

all other neural tissue

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3
Q

somatic sensory receptors

A

position, touch, pain, pressure, temp

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4
Q

special sensory receptors

A

vision, smell, taste, hearing, balance

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5
Q

visceral sensory receptors

A

sensations from visceral organs

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6
Q

synapse

A

gap where neurotransmitters communicate (between dendrite and axon)

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7
Q

Can neurons be replaced or fixed?

A

NO, it is very difficult

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8
Q

Bipolar neuron fxn

A

special sensory

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9
Q

unipolar neuron fxn

A

sensory (pain and pressure)

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10
Q

multipolar neuron fxn

A

skeletal

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11
Q

fxn of astrocyte

A

doesn’t let blood get into neural tissue

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12
Q

fxn of microglia

A

cleans up the mess of the nervous system

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13
Q

fxn of oligodendrocytes

A

insulates neurons so they can transmit

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14
Q

fun of schwann cells

A

produces myelin (PNS)

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15
Q

Thick myelanation is associated with ??

A

transmitting signals quicker - (sharp pain)

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16
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

between L1 & L2

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17
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

The “horse tail” at the end of the spinal cord

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18
Q

How many cervical nerves are there?

A

8

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19
Q

How many thoracic nerves are there?

A

12

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20
Q

What surrounds the spinal cord?

A

Fat and bony canal (vertebral column)

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21
Q

What are they layers of the spinal cord?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

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22
Q

Where are lumbar punctures?

A

Between L3 & L4

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23
Q

Is the gray matter on the outside of the spinal cord or on the inside?

A

Spinal cord- white on the outside, gray on the inside

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24
Q

Is the gray matter on the inside or the outside of the brain?

A

Gray is on the outside, white is on the inside

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25
Q

What does the brachial plexus of nerves innervate?

A

Pectoral girdle and arm

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26
Q

What does the lumbar plexus innervate?

A

pelvic girdle and lower extremity

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27
Q

What does the sacral plexus innervate?

A

pelvic girdle and leg

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28
Q

What are the branches of the brachial plexus?

A

axillary, median, radial, musculocutaneous, ulnar

29
Q

What are the branches of the lumbar plexus?

A

Femoral and obturator

30
Q

What are the branches of the sacral plexus?

A

sciatic, tibial, common fibular

31
Q

What structure separates the top of the brain from the bottom?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

32
Q

What is the purpose of the cerebral aqueduct?

A

to drain the cerebral spinal fluid

33
Q

What makes up the brain stem?

A

medulla, pons, midbrain

34
Q

What is the structural role of the foramen magnum?

A

Divides the brain from the spinal cord

35
Q

Main role of the medulla?

A

Autonomic centers

36
Q

Main role of pons?

A

Autonomic centers (mainly resp)

37
Q

Main role of midbrain?

A

Consciousness centers

38
Q

Main role of cerebellum?

A

Coordination and posture

39
Q

Main role of thalamus?

A

Final relay point for sensory info

40
Q

Main role of hypothalamus?

A

Control- (thermoreg., feeding, day/night) due to the pituitary

41
Q

main role of frontal lobe?

A

motor and speech

42
Q

Main role of parietal lobe?

A

sensory

43
Q

main role of temporal lobe?

A

Auditory

44
Q

Main role of occipital lobe?

A

visual

45
Q

What are associational connections?

A

on lateral lobes of hemispheres

46
Q

What are commissural commissions?

A

Posterior - going out laterally on the r & l hemispheres

47
Q

What are projectional commissions?

A

cerebrum w/ diencephalon, brain stem, spinal cord

Go down laterally

48
Q

What do spinothalamic pathways receive info on?

A

pain & temp

49
Q

What do posterior column pathway receive info on?

A

touch, vibration, pressure, position

50
Q

What do corticospinal pathways receive info on?

A

Skeletal muscles

51
Q

Origin of sympathetic route?

A

Thoracic & lumbar

52
Q

Origin of parasympathetic route?

A

Brainstem & sacrum

53
Q

Why does the response of the visceral effector vary under sympathetic / parasympathetic influences?

A

They have different neurotransmitters:
sympathetic = norepinephrine
parasympathetic = acetylcholine

54
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A

Fight / flight response, prepares body for crisis

55
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

Relaxes the body, conserves energy

56
Q

Why do we have tears?

A

they reduce friction, provide nutrients, remove debris, destroy bacteria

57
Q

Three layers of the eye?

A

Sclera, choroid, retina

58
Q

What do the suspensatory ligaments do?

A

allow the lens to focus- make sure the world is focused on the retina

59
Q

What is significant about the fovea?

A

highest visual acuity of the eye

60
Q

What is the flow of CSF?

A

lateral ventricles –> (interventriclar foramen) –> third ventricle –> (cerebral aqueduct) –> fourth ventricle –> lateral foramen –> subarachnoid space

61
Q

what is the neurilemma?

A

The myelinated part of a SCHWANN cell

62
Q

What do the spinal nerves carry info of?

A

Both sensory and motor

63
Q

What does the ventral root carry info of?

A

Motor

64
Q

What does the dorsal root carry info of?

A

Sensory

65
Q

What does the white matter consist of?

A

(myelinated / unmyelinated) axons

66
Q

What does the gray matter consists of?

A

Cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, and unmyelinated axons

67
Q

What are the brain vessicles?

A

Diencephalon, midbrain, cerebrum

68
Q

What is the largest part of the brain?

A

Cerebrum

Anatomy (5 decks)

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