Test II Lecture

Question 1

CNS consists of?

Answer 1

Brain & spinal cord

Question 2

PNS consists of?

Answer 2

all other neural tissue

Question 3

somatic sensory receptors

Answer 3

position, touch, pain, pressure, temp

Question 4

special sensory receptors

Answer 4

vision, smell, taste, hearing, balance

Question 5

visceral sensory receptors

Answer 5

sensations from visceral organs

Question 6

synapse

Answer 6

gap where neurotransmitters communicate (between dendrite and axon)

Question 7

Can neurons be replaced or fixed?

Answer 7

NO, it is very difficult

Question 8

Bipolar neuron fxn

Answer 8

special sensory

Question 9

unipolar neuron fxn

Answer 9

sensory (pain and pressure)

Question 10

multipolar neuron fxn

Answer 10

skeletal

Question 11

fxn of astrocyte

Answer 11

doesn’t let blood get into neural tissue

Question 12

fxn of microglia

Answer 12

cleans up the mess of the nervous system

Question 13

fxn of oligodendrocytes

Answer 13

insulates neurons so they can transmit

Question 14

fun of schwann cells

Answer 14

produces myelin (PNS)

Question 15

Thick myelanation is associated with ??

Answer 15

transmitting signals quicker - (sharp pain)

Question 16

Where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 16

between L1 & L2

Question 17

What is the cauda equina?

Answer 17

The “horse tail” at the end of the spinal cord

Question 18

How many cervical nerves are there?

Answer 18

8

Question 19

How many thoracic nerves are there?

Answer 19

12

Question 20

What surrounds the spinal cord?

Answer 20

Fat and bony canal (vertebral column)

Question 21

What are they layers of the spinal cord?

Answer 21

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Question 22

Where are lumbar punctures?

Answer 22

Between L3 & L4

Question 23

Is the gray matter on the outside of the spinal cord or on the inside?

Answer 23

Spinal cord- white on the outside, gray on the inside

Question 24

Is the gray matter on the inside or the outside of the brain?

Answer 24

Gray is on the outside, white is on the inside

Question 25

What does the brachial plexus of nerves innervate?

Answer 25

Pectoral girdle and arm

Question 26

What does the lumbar plexus innervate?

Answer 26

pelvic girdle and lower extremity

Question 27

What does the sacral plexus innervate?

Answer 27

pelvic girdle and leg

Question 28

What are the branches of the brachial plexus?

Answer 28

axillary, median, radial, musculocutaneous, ulnar

Question 29

What are the branches of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 29

Femoral and obturator

Question 30

What are the branches of the sacral plexus?

Answer 30

sciatic, tibial, common fibular

Question 31

What structure separates the top of the brain from the bottom?

Answer 31

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 32

What is the purpose of the cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 32

to drain the cerebral spinal fluid

Question 33

What makes up the brain stem?

Answer 33

medulla, pons, midbrain

Question 34

What is the structural role of the foramen magnum?

Answer 34

Divides the brain from the spinal cord

Question 35

Main role of the medulla?

Answer 35

Autonomic centers

Question 36

Main role of pons?

Answer 36

Autonomic centers (mainly resp)

Question 37

Main role of midbrain?

Answer 37

Consciousness centers

Question 38

Main role of cerebellum?

Answer 38

Coordination and posture

Question 39

Main role of thalamus?

Answer 39

Final relay point for sensory info

Question 40

Main role of hypothalamus?

Answer 40

Control- (thermoreg., feeding, day/night) due to the pituitary

Question 41

main role of frontal lobe?

Answer 41

motor and speech

Question 42

Main role of parietal lobe?

Answer 42

sensory

Question 43

main role of temporal lobe?

Answer 43

Auditory

Question 44

Main role of occipital lobe?

Answer 44

visual

Question 45

What are associational connections?

Answer 45

on lateral lobes of hemispheres

Question 46

What are commissural commissions?

Answer 46

Posterior - going out laterally on the r & l hemispheres

Question 47

What are projectional commissions?

Answer 47

cerebrum w/ diencephalon, brain stem, spinal cord | Go down laterally

Question 48

What do spinothalamic pathways receive info on?

Answer 48

pain & temp

Question 49

What do posterior column pathway receive info on?

Answer 49

touch, vibration, pressure, position

Question 50

What do corticospinal pathways receive info on?

Answer 50

Skeletal muscles

Question 51

Origin of sympathetic route?

Answer 51

Thoracic & lumbar

Question 52

Origin of parasympathetic route?

Answer 52

Brainstem & sacrum

Question 53

Why does the response of the visceral effector vary under sympathetic / parasympathetic influences?

Answer 53

They have different neurotransmitters: sympathetic = norepinephrine parasympathetic = acetylcholine

Question 54

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 54

Fight / flight response, prepares body for crisis

Question 55

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 55

Relaxes the body, conserves energy

Question 56

Why do we have tears?

Answer 56

they reduce friction, provide nutrients, remove debris, destroy bacteria

Question 57

Three layers of the eye?

Answer 57

Sclera, choroid, retina

Question 58

What do the suspensatory ligaments do?

Answer 58

allow the lens to focus- make sure the world is focused on the retina

Question 59

What is significant about the fovea?

Answer 59

highest visual acuity of the eye

Question 60

What is the flow of CSF?

Answer 60

lateral ventricles --> (interventriclar foramen) --> third ventricle --> (cerebral aqueduct) --> fourth ventricle --> lateral foramen --> subarachnoid space

Question 61

what is the neurilemma?

Answer 61

The myelinated part of a SCHWANN cell

Question 62

What do the spinal nerves carry info of?

Answer 62

Both sensory and motor

Question 63

What does the ventral root carry info of?

Answer 63

Motor

Question 64

What does the dorsal root carry info of?

Answer 64

Sensory

Question 65

What does the white matter consist of?

Answer 65

(myelinated / unmyelinated) axons

Question 66

What does the gray matter consists of?

Answer 66

Cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, and unmyelinated axons

Question 67

What are the brain vessicles?

Answer 67

Diencephalon, midbrain, cerebrum

Question 68

What is the largest part of the brain?

Answer 68

Cerebrum