Test IV Flashcards by Reagan Girardot

5 things parents do as managers

Provide opportunities 
Monitor
Independent acts
Help regulate
Allow space

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Reciprocal socialization

Socialization is bi directional; children and parents socialize each other

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Baurmind’s 4 parenting categories

Demanding
Undemanding
Responsive
Unresponsive

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Demanding + unresponsive parenting: characteristics and outcomes

Authoritarian: strict, high expectations without open communication

Outcomes: lower self esteem
Become followers

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Demanding + responsive parenting: characteristics and outcomes

Authoritative: high expectations, rules, appropriate consequences, mistakes forgiven, open communication

Outcomes; higher self esteem and autonomy

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Undemanding + unresponsive parenting: characteristics and outcomes

Neglectful: little interaction between parent and child

Outcomes: erratic behavior, socially withdrawn

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Undemanding + responsive parenting: characteristics and outcomes

Indulgent: lowered expectations, children make own decisions, open, supportive, little confrontation

Outcomes: demanding, greater emotional stability, early independence

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Corporal punishment

Can cross line of abuse and be out of control models for stress. Result in fear, rage, avoidance

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Kanoy, ulku-Steiner, cox, Burchinal

Marital conflict predicts physical punishment

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Cast, Schweingruber, Berns

Physical punishment predicts marital conflict

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Judy Dunn’s characteristics of sibling relationships

Emotional quality
Familiarity and intensity
Variation

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____ % of mothers with children under 5 work

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____% of mothers with children ages 6-17 work

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Quality child care

Directly related to SES

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4 Issues facing child care facilities

Turnover
Illness
Ratios
Closures

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John Gottman

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Judith Wallerstein

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Longitudinal research

Studying same group of people over defined amount of time

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Effects of divorce

Academic problems
Acting out
Drop ours
Low self esteem 
Drugs 
Sexually active at early age

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Same sex couples and parenting

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Data in progress

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Peer time ________, while parent time _________.

Increases, decreases

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6 functions of friendship

Companionship
Stimulation
Physical support
Emotional support
Social comparison
Intimacy

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Intimacy _________ during teen years.

Increases

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Girl girl friendships

Intimacy Closeness Sharing info

Boy boy friendships

Power Excitement Self disclosure discouraged

Girl boy friendships

Security for girls Sharing of emotion for boys Can have sexual tension

Mixed age friendships

Risky for the younger partner

Cliques

Small groups of peers that are engaged in similar activities and are usually the same sex

Crowds

Reputation based and less personal

Entry into romantic relationships

Ages 11-13

Exploring romantic relationships

Ages 14-16

Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds

Ages 17-19

Race

Human classification by phenotype

Ethnicity

Common characteristics of a group of people such as shared language race or religion

Culture

Patterns, beliefs, and behavior and all other products of a particular group that are passed on from generation to generation

Cultural pluralism

When smaller groups of a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities which are acceptable to wider society

Individualism

Giving priority to personal goals rather than to group goals

Collectivism

Values that serve the group by subordinating personal goals to preserve group integrity and relationships

Variations and differences in SES

Dependent upon community size and complexity

Low vs High SES

READ BOOK SECTION

Poverty rates

Have been increasing by at least 1% each year since 2008

4 Psychological ramifications of poverty

Powerless Poor decision making skills Disaster Fewer alternatives

Ethnicity and immigration

High rates impact the ethnic population growth

Acculturation

Cultural modification of an individual

Research on ethnicity and SES

Ethnic gloss Focus on the negative Double disadvantages

Highest risk for poverty

Single parent households with limited education

Prejudice

Unjustified negative attitude towards an individual because of membership in a group

Intelligence vs achievement

Achievement can be predicted by intelligence

Altruism

Feelings and behavior that show a desire to help others

Empathy

Understanding and sharing another person's emotions

Equality

Wanting the same rights for others

Merit

Good qualities that deserve praise

Benevolence

Acts of kindness or disposition to do good

Forgiveness

Absolving another of guilt

Gratitude

Being grateful and thankful

3 types of bullying

Cyber Verbal Physical

Program that opposes many govt models

New Hope

Extrinsic motivation

External incentives such as money or grades

5 Intrinsic motivations

``` Determination Choice Personal responsibility Cognitive engagement Interest ```

Developmental shifts

Intrinsic motivation increases with age | Extrinsic increase factors

Intrinsic motivation _______ with age, except for middle/high school.

Increases

Goal setting Specific Proximal Challenging

Setting goals like these leads to improvement of self efficacy and achievement

Self efficacy

Belief that one can master a situation and have good results

Mindset: Fixed Growth

F: carved in stone. Intelligence is static G: believe in change

Mastery motivation

Task oriented, concerned with learning strategies

Helpless orientation

Seems trapped by difficulty to or lack of ability

Performance orientation

Achievement outcomes and winning matters

Purpose

Accomplishing something meaningful and contributing something to the world

3 characteristics of good goals

Specific Proximal Challenging

Test IV Flashcards

(70 cards)