Test I

Question 0

psychosocial theory
Theorist?
Description?(8)

Answer 0

Erikson

Trust vs mistrust
Autonomy vs shame/doubt
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs inferiority 
Identity vs identity confusion
Intimacy vs isolation
Generativity vs stagnation
Integrity vs despair

Question 1

Psychosexual development theory
Theorist?
Description?

Answer 1

Freud

Oral stage
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

Question 2

Developmental Stage Theory
Theorist?
Descriptions?

Answer 2

Piaget 
Sensorimotor 
Pre operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

Question 3

Ethnological theory
Theorists?
Description?

Answer 3

Lorenz
Bowlby

Behavior influenced by biology
Tied to evolution
Sensitive periods of development

Question 4

Information processing theory
Theorist?
Description?

Answer 4

Computers
Info comes in, processed, manipulated and acted upon
Does not occur in stages, capacity for info grows

Question 5

Sociocultural cognitive theory
Theorist?
Description?

Answer 5

Vygotsky
Culture and social interaction guide cognitive development
Development follows child’s potential to learn
Zone of proximal development

Question 6

Classical conditioning and behaviorism
Who?
Description?

Answer 6

Pavlov
Behaviorism- we can scientifically study only what can be directly observed and measured
CC- neutral stimulus can produce response originally produced by another stimulus

Question 7

Operant conditioning
Who?
Description?

Answer 7

Skinner

Consequences of behavior produce changed in the probability of the behavior’s occurrence

Question 8

Social cognitive theory
Who?
Description?

Answer 8

Bandura

Observational learning; we observe and then imitate the behaviors of others

Question 9

Lorenz and Mother Goose

Answer 9

Critical period: Imprinting- new creatures become attached to the first object seen

Question 10

Bowlby and Attachment parenting

Answer 10

Success In human development is greatly weighted on whether or not infants experience positive attachment to their caregiver during the critical period

Question 11

Ecological theory
Who?
Description?

Answer 11

Bronfenbrenner
Microsystems
Mesosystems
Exosystem
Macrosystem
Chronosystem

Question 12

Micro systems
Mesosystem 
Exosystems
Macrosystem
Chronosystems

Answer 12

Where the person lives
Relations between Microsystems 
Links to social systems; no active role but still affected by
Culture
How system transitions over time

Question 13

Observations: lab research
2 Benefits
4 Limitations

Answer 13

Controlled environment
Record systematically

Unnatural environment
Participants awareness
Sample not representative
Intimidating

Question 14

Survey/interview

3 methods

Answer 14

Person to person
Telephone
Internet

Question 15

Standardized tests
What are they?
Limitations?

Answer 15

Uniform procedures for administration

Predictable, not reliable

Question 16

Naturalistic observations
1 benefit
1 limitation

Answer 16

Record in context

Difficult to control factors

Question 17

Case study
What is it
Benefits
Limitations

Answer 17

In depth studies of someone’s life
You can learn alot about a person beyond what can be measured

Rarely multiple opinions

Question 18

Physiological measures

Answer 18

Blood tests, neuroimaging etc

Question 19

Experimental designs 5 types and describe each type

Answer 19

Descriptive: observe/record behavior
Correlational: predictive, info about two things, correlational coefficient
Experimental: ind vs dep variables, exp vs control groups
Cross sectional: compare different age groups, change over time
Longitudinal: same group over amount of time, not used often

Question 20

Informed consent

Answer 20

Participants informed of risks and agree to them

Question 21

Debriefing

Answer 21

Informed about research

Question 22

Deception

Answer 22

Cannot be harmful to participants

Question 23

Gender/cultural bias
Definitions and minimization
Ethnic gloss?

Answer 23

Drawing conclusions based on gender alone

Research should include children from a variety of backgrounds to achieve a representative sample

Using labels in superficial way

Question 24

Basic structure for life

Answer 24

Cell

Question 25

Central structure of a cell

Answer 25

Nucleus

Question 26

Threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs; DNA storage

Answer 26

Chromosomes

Question 27

Mitosis

Answer 27

Creates one identical cell

Question 28

Meiosis

Answer 28

Reproductive process; creates 4 cells with half genetic material of parent cells

Question 29

Cell of a new organism; mothers 23 unpaired chromosome match with fathers 23

Answer 29

Zygote

Question 30

Genetic makeup

Answer 30

Genotype

Question 31

Observable characteristics

Answer 31

Phenotype

Question 32

``` Diabetes Hemophilia Huntington disease PKU Sickle cell anemia Spina Bifida Tay Sachs disease ```

Answer 32

Genetic abnormalities

Question 33

``` Down syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Fragile X Turner syndrome XYY syndrome ```

Answer 33

Chromosomal abnormalities

Question 34

Epigenetic View

Answer 34

Development is result of ongoing, bi directional interchange of heredity and environment

Question 35

2 Parasites able to control behavior

Answer 35

Rabies | T Gondii

Question 36

3 stages of pregnancy and descriptions

Answer 36

Germinal- conception/first two weeks, growth of zygote, implants in uterus wall Embryonic1 2-8 wks, embryo forms, organogenesis Fetal- 2-9 months, fetus viable at 24-25 wks

Question 37

Factors that can lead to birth defects

Answer 37

Teratogens

Question 38

3 teratogenic factors

Answer 38

Dose, susceptibility, time of exposure

Question 39

Risk factors in pregnancy (6)

Answer 39

``` Incompatible blood types Environmental hazards Maternal diseases Diet/nutrition Age Stress ```