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Child Development > Test I > Flashcards

Test I Flashcards

0
Q

psychosocial theory
Theorist?
Description?(8)

A

Erikson

Trust vs mistrust
Autonomy vs shame/doubt
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs inferiority 
Identity vs identity confusion
Intimacy vs isolation
Generativity vs stagnation
Integrity vs despair
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1
Q

Psychosexual development theory
Theorist?
Description?

A

Freud

Oral stage
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
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2
Q

Developmental Stage Theory
Theorist?
Descriptions?

A 
Piaget 
Sensorimotor 
Pre operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
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3
Q

Ethnological theory
Theorists?
Description?

A

Lorenz
Bowlby

Behavior influenced by biology
Tied to evolution
Sensitive periods of development

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4
Q

Information processing theory
Theorist?
Description?

A

Computers
Info comes in, processed, manipulated and acted upon
Does not occur in stages, capacity for info grows

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5
Q

Sociocultural cognitive theory
Theorist?
Description?

A

Vygotsky
Culture and social interaction guide cognitive development
Development follows child’s potential to learn
Zone of proximal development

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6
Q

Classical conditioning and behaviorism
Who?
Description?

A

Pavlov
Behaviorism- we can scientifically study only what can be directly observed and measured
CC- neutral stimulus can produce response originally produced by another stimulus

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7
Q

Operant conditioning
Who?
Description?

A

Skinner

Consequences of behavior produce changed in the probability of the behavior’s occurrence

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8
Q

Social cognitive theory
Who?
Description?

A

Bandura

Observational learning; we observe and then imitate the behaviors of others

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9
Q

Lorenz and Mother Goose

A

Critical period: Imprinting- new creatures become attached to the first object seen

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10
Q

Bowlby and Attachment parenting

A

Success In human development is greatly weighted on whether or not infants experience positive attachment to their caregiver during the critical period

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11
Q

Ecological theory
Who?
Description?

A 
Bronfenbrenner
Microsystems
Mesosystems
Exosystem
Macrosystem
Chronosystem
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12
Q 
Micro systems
Mesosystem 
Exosystems
Macrosystem
Chronosystems
A 
Where the person lives
Relations between Microsystems 
Links to social systems; no active role but still affected by
Culture
How system transitions over time
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13
Q

Observations: lab research
2 Benefits
4 Limitations

A

Controlled environment
Record systematically

Unnatural environment
Participants awareness
Sample not representative
Intimidating

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14
Q

Survey/interview

3 methods

A

Person to person
Telephone
Internet

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15
Q

Standardized tests
What are they?
Limitations?

A

Uniform procedures for administration

Predictable, not reliable

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16
Q

Naturalistic observations
1 benefit
1 limitation

A

Record in context

Difficult to control factors

17
Q

Case study
What is it
Benefits
Limitations

A

In depth studies of someone’s life
You can learn alot about a person beyond what can be measured

Rarely multiple opinions

18
Q

Physiological measures

A

Blood tests, neuroimaging etc

19
Q

Experimental designs 5 types and describe each type

A

Descriptive: observe/record behavior
Correlational: predictive, info about two things, correlational coefficient
Experimental: ind vs dep variables, exp vs control groups
Cross sectional: compare different age groups, change over time
Longitudinal: same group over amount of time, not used often

20
Q

Informed consent

A

Participants informed of risks and agree to them

21
Q

Debriefing

A

Informed about research

22
Q

Deception

A

Cannot be harmful to participants

23
Q

Gender/cultural bias
Definitions and minimization
Ethnic gloss?

A

Drawing conclusions based on gender alone

Research should include children from a variety of backgrounds to achieve a representative sample

Using labels in superficial way

24
Q

Basic structure for life

A

Cell

25
Q

Central structure of a cell

A

Nucleus

26
Q

Threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs; DNA storage

A

Chromosomes

27
Q

Mitosis

A

Creates one identical cell

28
Q

Meiosis

A

Reproductive process; creates 4 cells with half genetic material of parent cells

29
Q

Cell of a new organism; mothers 23 unpaired chromosome match with fathers 23

A

Zygote

30
Q

Genetic makeup

A

Genotype

31
Q

Observable characteristics

A

Phenotype

32
Q 
Diabetes
Hemophilia 
Huntington disease
PKU
Sickle cell anemia
Spina Bifida
Tay Sachs disease
A

Genetic abnormalities

33
Q 
Down syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Fragile X
Turner syndrome
XYY syndrome
A

Chromosomal abnormalities

34
Q

Epigenetic View

A

Development is result of ongoing, bi directional interchange of heredity and environment

35
Q

2 Parasites able to control behavior

A

Rabies

T Gondii

36
Q

3 stages of pregnancy and descriptions

A

Germinal- conception/first two weeks, growth of zygote, implants in uterus wall

Embryonic1 2-8 wks, embryo forms, organogenesis

Fetal- 2-9 months, fetus viable at 24-25 wks

37
Q

Factors that can lead to birth defects

A

Teratogens

38
Q

3 teratogenic factors

A

Dose, susceptibility, time of exposure

39
Q

Risk factors in pregnancy (6)

A 
Incompatible blood types
Environmental hazards 
Maternal diseases
Diet/nutrition
Age
Stress

Child Development (5 decks)

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