Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry: Precision and Design > Test Review 7 > Flashcards

Test Review 7 Flashcards

(152 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What does any acid contain?

A

Any acid has hydrogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the combustion reaction formula?

A

Combustion → ? + O → ? + H2O (balance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most abundant element in the universe?

A

The most abundant element in the universe is hydrogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the primary uses of hydrogen commercially?

A

2 primary uses of hydrogen commercially are in water and hydrogenation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does hydrogenation involve?

A

Hydrogenation involves breaking 2 or 3 bonds to place hydrogen on a molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust?

A

The most abundant element in the Earth’s crust is oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an allotrope?

A

An allotrope is some physical state of the same element with different chemical properties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of the ozone layer?

A

The purpose of the ozone layer is to protect from UV rays and the sun.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the primary component of air?

A

The primary component of air is nitrogen (78%).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is nitrogen fixation?

A

Nitrogen fixation is when plants take atmospheric nitrogen and convert it to a useful form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which bacteria are involved in nitrogen fixation?

A

Nitrogen fixation is done by bacteria called Rhizobium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three elements that make fertilizers?

A

The three elements that make fertilizers are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What compound is most nitrogen used to make in the USA?

A

The compound most nitrogen is used to make in the USA is ammonia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the process to produce ammonia?

A

The process to produce ammonia is the Haber process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What industrial chemical is produced through the Oswald process?

A

The industrial chemical produced through the Oswald process is nitric acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some high-energy nitrogen compounds?

A

High-energy nitrogen compounds include nitroglycerin, TNT, and RDX.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the allotropes of phosphorus?

A

The allotropes of phosphorus are red (more stable) and white.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is phosphate used for?

A

Phosphate is used for phosphoric acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the primary substance sulfur is used for?

A

The primary substance sulfur is used for is sulfuric acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most reactive halogen?

A

The most reactive halogen is fluorine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What ion is responsible for the disinfecting action in household bleach?

A

The ion responsible for the disinfecting action in household bleach is the hypochlorite ion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which group is always found in natural elemental state?

A

Noble gases are always found in their natural elemental state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the isotopes of hydrogen?

A

The isotopes of hydrogen are protium and deuterium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the characteristics of hydrogen?

A

Hydrogen is odorless, colorless, tasteless, and has 3 isotopes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the natural process to produce oxygen?
The natural process to produce oxygen is photosynthesis.
26
What are the common ions of oxygen?
Normal oxide, superoxide, serovide
27
What is laughing gas used in?
Anesthetic
28
What is the most abundant element in Earth's crust?
Oxygen
29
What process is used to mine or prepare sulfur?
Claus process
30
What is a characteristic of sulfuric acid?
Dehydrating capabilities
31
What color is chlorine gas?
Yellow-green
32
What happens during sublimation?
Straight from gas to solid
33
What is a primary use for fluorine?
Refrigerants
34
What is unique about PTFE?
Nonstick abilities
35
Which element is found in a significant percentage of medicine?
Chlorine
36
What are halons made of?
Bromine
37
What element is found in thyroxine?
Iodine
38
What color does neon emit when excited?
Pink color
39
What is a type of concentration in mineral processing?
Flotation
40
What metal is made in Earth's crust?
Iron
41
What is the cheapest metal to extract?
Iron
42
What is the function of a blast furnace?
Hot oven for smelting iron, mixed with coke, forms slag on top
43
What is a potential use for slag?
Cinderblocks, concrete
44
What process is used to replace the blast-furnace method?
Direct iron reduction (produces sponge Fe)
45
What is steel made from?
Iron + carbon
46
Which metal is most reflective?
Silver
47
What is the most common ore of aluminum?
Bauxite
48
What is the thermite process used for?
To produce another metal oxide; very reactive
49
What is the primary use for lead?
Car/truck batteries
50
Why is titanium sought after?
It is lightweight
51
What is the primary use for silicon?
Glass and computer products
52
What is the most common silicate that causes lung cancer?
Asbestos
53
What are the three most abundant metals in Earth's crust?
Aluminum, iron, calcium
54
Polymers of silicon, oxygen, and carbon are called what?
silicones
55
Mineral compounds containing metals and silicon-oxygen groups are called what?
silicates
56
Milk of magnesia is used in stomach antacid and laxatives is a suspension of what? -
magnesium hydroxide
57
Epsom salts are used in hot baths to reduce swelling are a hydrate of what?
magnesium sulfate
58
An expensive metal widely used in automotive catalytic converters, spark plugs, and surgical tools is what?
platinum
59
The nonmetal that exists in rhombic, monoclinic, and plastic forms depending on the temperature is? -
sulfur
60
A lightweight metal extracted from bauxite and widely used in aircraft, space craft, and beverage cans is?
aluminum
61
element that is produced annually for acid production
sulfur
62
steel is an alloy of iron and a small percentage of
carbon
63
gold and silver are usually extracted from low grade ores using the
cyanide process
64
laughing gas
nitrous oxide
65
element typically extracted from petroleum and natural gas using the CLAUS process
sulfur
66
brass and bronze are both alloys of this element
copper
67
process by which certain microorganisms convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form that can be used by plants
nitrogen fixation
68
the blast furnace is used to extract this from its ore
iron
69
the hormone thyroxin contains
iodine
70
deposits inside biolers, hot-water heaters, and teapots are often due to
CaCO3
71
most helium is extracted from
natural gas
72
group of elements that are found only as free, uncombined elements
noble gases
73
third most abundant element in the earth's crust
aluminum
74
class of NONMETALS that are the most reactive
halogens
74
compound used in fertilizer manufacturing and is produced by the HABER process
ammonia
75
alkaline earth metal essential for bone and teeth growth
calcium
76
includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
halogens
77
includes platinum, silver, gold
precious metals
78
includes boron, silicon, germanium
semimetals
79
includes helium, argon, krypton, and xenon
noble gases
80
includes beryllium, magnersium, calcium, and barium
alkaline earth metals
81
includes palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium
platinum-group metals
82
includes lithium, sodium, potassium, and cesium
alkali metals
83
hematite is the most common ore of
iron
84
borax is one of the most common compounds of
boron
85
the Hall-Heroult process is used to produce
aluminum
86
two or more forms of the same element that differ in their properties but exist in the same physical state
allotropes
87
lye and caustic soda are common names for
sodium hydroxide
88
water containing high concentrations of CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND IRON ions is called
hard water
89
malachite, cuprite, and chalcopyrite are ores of
copper
90
ozone is an allotrope of
oxygen
91
naturally produced noble gas than can diffuse into home basements and is associated with increased risk of cancer
radon
92
most reactive of all elements
fluorine
93
produced industrially by steam reforming of natural gas
hydrogen
94
semiconductor most commonly used to make computer chips
silicon
95
best explains why sulfuric acid can be used to measure the health of the US economy
sulfuric acid is used extensively in industry
96
is not an important nutrient contained in commercial fertlizers
oxygen
97
compound used as a contrast agent for x-rays of the gastrointestinal tract
barium sulfate
98
dense metal used in car batteries, weights, radiation shielding, and small-arms ammunition
lead
99
not a method of hardening steel
annealing
100
cheapest and most widely used metal
iron
101
used to make the windows in x-ray tubes
beryllium
102
primary component of window glass
silicated
103
not a physical characteristic of metals
poor electrical conductivity
104
very dense metal used in industrial counterweights, nuclear fuels
uranium
105
most malleable and ductile metal known
gold
106
nonmetal that does not have multiple allotropes at room temperature
hydrogen
107
not an ion of oxygen
ozone ion (O3-) (correct superoxide, oxide, peroxide)
108
exists as an unstable white allotrope and a more stable red allotrope
phosphorous
109
alloy of mercury with another metal
amalgam
110
form of iron produced by direct iron reduction
pig iron
111
most active ingredient in bleach
hypochlorite
112
salts of phosphoric acids are called
phosphates
113
science of extracting metals from their naturally occurring materials and preparing them for use
metallurgy
114
additon of hydrogen to double or triple bonds i
hydrogenation
115
process occurring plants that continually replenish oxygen in the atmosphere
photosynthesis
116
second most abundant element in the earth's crust
silicon
117
used as refrigerants and as an anticavity dental treatment
fluroine
118
used in bleaches, PVC plastics, medicines, pesticides, and water treatment
chlorine
119
used in deep-sea diving mixture sand nonflammmable lifting gas in airships and high-altitude balloons
helium
120
used in ammonia, artificial fertlizers, and explosive compounds
nitrogen
121
most abundant element in the universe
hydrogen
122
has the isotopes protium, deuterium, and tritium
hydrogen
123
two methods of refining steel
basic oxygen process (uses less electricity) electric-arc furnace
124
common IONS of oxygen
oxide, peroxide, superoxide
125
10th most abundant element in crust
phosphorous
126
phosphoric acid is in
carbonated beverages
127
most stable form of sulfur
rhombic
128
sulfuric acid produced through
contact process
129
used to prepare suflur
Claus process
130
unique characteristic of sulfuric acid
dehydrating capabilities
131
straight from gas to solid
sublimation
132
unique about PTFE
nonstick abilites
133
found in 85% of medicine
chlorine
134
neon excited color
pink
135
steps of metallurgy
1. concentration 2. reduce 3. refine 4. shape
136
reducing means
adding electrons
137
a type of concenatration
flotation
138
main element in limestone is
calcium
139
4th abundant element in earth's crust
iron
140
cheapest metal to extract
iron
141
blast furnace process
1. get very hot oven 2. throw metal 3. mixed with coke 4. forms slag on top, 5. pig iron on below
142
uses for slag
concrete, cinderblocks
143
has replaces blast furnace process
direct iron reduction (uses methane to produce sponge iron)
144
steel =
iron + carbon
145
alloy steel=
iron + carbon + another metal
146
two processes to refine steel
basic-oxygen electric arc furnace
147
relieves stress in steel
annealing, tempering, hardening
148
most frequently used for electric conductivity
copper
149
metal most reflective
silver
150
platinum group
rhodium, palladium, osmium
151
three most abundant metals in earth crust
aluminum, iron, calcium

Chemistry: Precision and Design (87 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions