test two

Question 1

what is elicited behavior/ respondent behaviour

Answer 1

behaviour drawn out by a preceding stimulus
ex - sneezing in response to pollen

Question 2

what is a reflex

Answer 2

automatic response to a stimulus

Question 3

what is a startled response

Answer 3

defense reaction to somehting sudden.
ex when watching the tik tok the guy hit the ball and it hit the screen. people were startled, and jolted a bit.

Question 4

what is orienting response

Answer 4

is a relatively mahour body movement
ex - jerking hand off hot stove

Question 5

what is habituation

Answer 5

the more you are around the stimuli the less it bothers you/ react to it. it decreases the strenght
example
if you grew up by a noisy street you tune out the noise when you sleep you got accustomed to it

Question 6

what is sensitization

Answer 6

this is the more you are around the stimullus the more it bothers you.
it increases the strength of the behaviour.
example if you grew up on this quiet street and they just added a train track by your house and it wakes you up every morning at 6 am. it annoys you more and more every time it happens

Question 7

what are two majour things that can impact the strenght of the enviromental situation

Answer 7

1. the nature of the stimuli
2. nature of the behaviour

Question 8

what affects the nature of the stimulus

Answer 8

1. sounds, visulual stimuli
2. ASK

Question 9

what is short term habituation

Answer 9

Your responses quickly decrease as a result to repeated stimulus. for example if something makes your heart beat super fast as soon as the stimulus is gone yout heart rate will go back to normal quickly. Another ex: the child next door repeatadly banging on the drums

Question 10

what is long term habituation

Answer 10

your responses slowly descrease as a result to repeated stimulus. example something makes you super cold ( skin conductance) it will take a while for it to go back to normal.

Question 12

define the opperant process theory of emotion and list the three main charectoristrics of opponent processes

Answer 12

1. A process (quick response)
   a. Unconditional response
   b. Remains stable
2. B process
   a. Unconditional “counter response”
   b. Gets stronger + faster + lasts longer
3. Observable behavior is the sum of two

Question 13

How can the nature of the behavior cause differences in the habituation process?

Answer 13

Different behaviour will habituate at a different rates. The amount of energy it takes for that behaviour to take place can change the habituate

Question 14

what is stimulus response

Answer 14

connection by pairing 2 stimuli ( generally a reflex)

Question 15

what is a repondent behaviour

Answer 15

behaviour that elicited by specific stimuli and can be conditioned to new stimuli through a stimulus pairing process

Question 16

what is a neutral stimulis

Answer 16

does not normally elicit a reponse or reflex action by itself ex: a bell ringing, a color, furry object

Question 17

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 17

always elicits a reflex action
ex:
food
blast of air
noise

Question 18

conditioned response

Answer 18

conditioned stimulus that has been paired with a unconditioned stimulus and now elicits a condtioned reponse .

Question 19

diagram of ns and us

Answer 19

Neutral stimulus + unconditioned stimus = unconditioned response
neutral stimulus creates conditioned stimulus elicits conditoned repsonse

Question 20

what are the four temperal arrangements of ns and us

Answer 20

1. delayed conditioning procedures:
   
   2. simultaneous conditioning procedure
   3. trace conditioning procedure
   4. backward conditioning procedure

Question 21

what temperal arrangement has the tone onset start and halfway through the shock onset starts

Answer 21

delayed conditioning procedure

Question 22

what temperal arrangement has the tone onset and offset complete before the onset of shock

Answer 22

traced conditiong procedure

Question 23

what temperal arrangement has the onset of offset of the tone and the shock

Answer 23

simultaneous conditioning procedure

Question 24

what temperal arrangement had the shock onset start and halfway through the tone onset starts

Answer 24

backwards condtionign procedure

Question 25

what is a condtioned stimulus

Answer 25

distinctive external stumulus ex light metronome dog

Question 26

what is a temporal conditioning

Answer 26

Neutral stimulus and a constrol stimulus is not an external stimulus but the passage of time. example waking up on the weekend without your alarm at the same time your alarm is se tfor the weekdays. or eating lunch at 11:30 everyday so you are hungary when its later.

Question 27

what is aqusition

Answer 27

process of developing and strenghting a Conditioned response through repeated pairings of neutral stimulus with unconditioned stimuluses

Question 28

what happens if in an aqusition the unconditioned stimulus is more intense

Answer 28

more intense produce more rapid conditioning than if it was a less intense US

Question 29

what happens if in an aqusition the neutral stimulus is more intense

Answer 29

results in stronger and more rapid conditioning than less intesense NS example - loud metronome paired ith food produces a stronger response of salvtion than if the metronome was faint

Question 30

what is extiction

Answer 30

when a conditioned response is weakened and eventaully eliminated by repeatly presenting the CS without the NS. example if you rang the bell a lot without any food

Question 31

what is spontanous recovery

Answer 31

after extinction the response can reappear after a break of time without the CS and US

Question 32

what is generilization

Answer 32

once a reponnse has been conditioned it generalizes it for simular conditioned stimuluses. ex - got sick from dill pickles chips now feel sick when you see them, you will have the same reaction to all chips dosnt matter the kind or have the same reaction to dill pickles

Question 33

what is discrimation

Answer 33

learned ability to distinguish between condtioned stimulus and other irrelavent stimulius. ex - you got sick off the dill pickle chips and now they make you sick. the other types are fine and dill pickles are fine

Question 34

conditioned taste aversion

Answer 34

process where one exposure to experience creates sustained learning if you eat or drink something that makes them sick they will not eat it again and the sight of it makes them sick ex- me now when i see and taste vodka

Question 35

what is first order pairing

Answer 35

pairing a NS with a US that turns the NS into a CS ex- pairing a metronome (NS) food (US) to a dog ( salvates due to food) (UCR) then take away the food(US). the dog will now salivate for the metronome

Question 36

high order conditioning

Answer 36

this is when pairing a CS with another NS.

Question 37

what is sensory preconditioning

Answer 37

When a stimulis is condtioned as a control stimulus, another stimuus that was previouslt paried with it can also become a CS. ex - preconditioning phase toolshed is assosiated with wasps. wasps sting( makes fear). toolshed is now associated with fear

Question 38

what is overshadowing

Answer 38

when one stumuli is more readily causing condtioning than the other. ex we used a bright light with a quiet metronome with food. the dog does not salivate it is conditioning to the light

Question 39

what is blocking

Answer 39

compound consists of ns and CS. When you pair light and metronome with food salvation. food + light = salvation food + metronome = no salvation they were conditioned to the wrong stimulus

Question 40

what is latent inhibition

Answer 40

something you have not incountered before will be easier to condtion than if you have been exposed to.

Question 41

what is aversion theoropy

Answer 41

person has issues with alchol dependance so they repeatly pair achol with a pill that makes them so they associate feeling sick with the alchol - sight of alchol (CS) creates nausea (CR)

Question 42

what is the SR model

Answer 42

S-r Model: S(cs) – R(UR) due to co- occurrence CS-UR Activation of CS result in the activation of UR via spreading of activiation

Question 43

what is the ss model

Answer 43

s-s models: core CS US relationship leas to association S (CS) and S( US) under appropriate cognitive condtions

Question 44

what are some issues with associative models

Answer 44

Issues: - They can predict some parts of respondent conditioning but not all o S-R require co occurance of cs and us for the learning to occur o Some require awareness but learning has shown to happen without awareness o S-s models assume the CR is the same as UR but that is not always the case